ORION - The Case for Linux | A Brief History
 
   
  Home | Contact | Back    

 The Case for Linux
 Introduction
 What is Linux?
 Brief History
 Open Source
 Free Software
 What is a Distribution?

 Linux Comes of Age
 Business Models
 Linux on the Move
 Where Does Linux Fit?
 Comparison of OS
 Corporate Networks
 Service & Support
 Case Studies
 Commercial Sites

 Publications
 News Bytes
 Magazines
 Newsletters
 Portals
 Books
 Mailing Lists

 Resources
 Beginners
 Distributions
 Kernel
 Security
 Networking
 Development


A Brief History of Linux

Separating Linux from the legend, one realizes that its origins go back thirty years. The strength and stability of Linux evolved from time-tested concepts that provided a solid foundation. Here are a few of the key events that led to its development.

1971 - The first edition of the Unix server operating system emerges from Bell Labs. Although Linux does not include any Unix code, it is a Unix clone, which means it shares a number of technical features with Unix, which might be considered the forerunner of the open-source operating system. During the 1970s, Unix code was distributed to people at various universities and companies, and they created their own Unix varieties, which ultimately evolved into Sun (SUNW) Microsystems' Solaris, Berkeley's FreeBSD and Silicon Graphics (SGI) ' IRIX.

1985 - Richard Stallman publishes his famous "GNU Manifesto", one of the first documents of the open-source revolution. Stallman began working on the GNU operating system in 1983, largely because he wanted to create an open-source version of Unix. (GNU stands for "GNU is Not Unix.") Stallman's Free Software Foundation later created the GNU General Public License, the widely adopted, fully legal treatise that today allows Linux and other software to remain completely free.

1987 - Professor Andrew S. Tanenbaum invents Minix, an open-source operating system that's a clone of Unix. Young Linus Torvalds, at the time a computer science student in Finland, is introduced to Minix, and bases his plans for Linux on the Minix example.

1991 - In August, Torvalds announces his plans to create a free operating system on the Minix users newsgroup. He modestly notes in his posting that his OS is "just a hobby. [It] won't be big and professional like GNU." In October, Linux 0.01 is released on the Internet under a GNU public license. The first release of Linux was only 71k (compressed). In the Minix newsgroup, Torvalds asks his fellow programmers to lend a hand in making the system more workable. He gets enough help to release version 0.1 by December. Over the next several years, Linux developers swell into the hundreds of thousands and work to make Linux compatible with GNU programs. Vendors like Red Hat, Caldera and Debian create popular distributions of Linux that bundle the operating system with useful programs and a graphical interface.

1997 - Torvalds moves to Silicon Valley and goes to work at Transmeta.

1999 - In August, Red Hat completes its initial public offering, making it the first Linux-oriented company to successfully go public. In December, Andover.net, a consortium of Web site resources largely devoted to Linux, and VA Linux, a manufacturer of Linux hardware, have wildly successful IPOs. Linuxcare, a leading Linux service provider, announces alliances with such industry giants as IBM, Dell, Motorola, and Informix.

Resources:
History of Linux By Annallee Newitz (The Standard)

Top of Page

 
© 2001 LinuxWare Corporation