Wagner 200

Wagner's century

...and a child of war

In the year Wagner was born, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Great Britain and Sweden formed an alliance against Napoleon, the French occupier. In October 1813 at the Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon suffered a defeat, memorialized today by a monument in Leipzig. 125,000 soldiers died, and one victim of the typhus outbreak that immediately followed was Richard Wagner's father, Friedrich.

Wagner's century

Theater - day in, day out

In August 1814, Wagner's mother married the actor and poet Ludwig Geyer. He was the best friend of her husband and is rumored to have been Richard's real father. In the family's new home of Dresden, Geyer taught the Wagner children to love the theater. At age four, Richard had his first - but silent - role on stage.

Wagner's century

Awakening

In April 1829, Richard Wagner watched the young Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient as Leonore in Beethoven's opera "Fidelio." He was fascinated. The prima donna didn't just sing beautifully, she was also a gifted actress - a rare combination at the time. The young man discovered what he wanted to do: write a world-famous opera with Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient in the lead role.

Wagner's century

A new era

Wagner's enthusiasm for music was immense, but he was even hungrier for life experience. He admired the ideas of the young generation of Germans and the literature in vogue. He also developed a passion for games of chance and for bars and duels. As a student, Richard Wagner postured as an anarchist and rebelled against bourgeois society.

Wagner's century

On the road

Richard Wagner was a self-taught author and had a natural talent for conducting. He learned music theory and piano at university but unfortunately many early compositions have been lost; Wagner himself destroyed some. But he quickly found some initial successes and jobs - as choral director in Würzburg and as music director in Magdeburg and Königsberg.

Wagner's century

Stormy life

Wagner moved to Königsberg for a woman: actress Minna Planer. In November 1836, wedding bells rang for the pair. Soon thereafter, the theater went bankrupt. In debt, Wagner fled to Riga, where he became the head of the court's music. He racked up more debt and fled again - this time taking to stormy seas on a sailboat for London. The stuff of opera!

Wagner's century

Years in Paris

From London, the young couple traveled to Paris, remaining there for a few years. Richard Wagner got to know Heinrich Heine, poked around in the popular theaters and opera houses of the city. During this time he also composed "The Flying Dutchman" and "Rienzi," an opera about a failed revolutionary.

Wagner's century

Liszt - a deep friendship

"Rienzi" had its premiere in Dresden and was a huge hit - finally a success for Wagner. He settled in the city, became Kapellmeister and theorized about reforming opera. Wagner wanted it to move away from associations with luxury and pleasure and towards progressive and democratic aims. He likely shared his ideas with Franz Liszt, his good friend in nearby Weimar.

Wagner's century

Royal sponsorship

It's thanks to King Ludwig II of Bavaria that Wagner ultimately landed in Bayreuth. Unconcerned by the fact that Richard Wagner had taken part in the May Uprising in Dresden in 1848 and was a fugitive, the monarch took the composer under his wing. Meanwhile, "The Ring of the Nibelung," a 25-year project, was taking final form.

Wagner's century

Asylum in Switzerland

The Bavarian king brought Wagner to Munich, but the locals didn't take to him, considering him too reform-minded, ungrateful and undemocratic. Ludwig II remained Wagner's friend but sent him on his way. A country residence offered asylum, where Friedrich Nietzsche was also a regular guest. Initially, the philosopher celebrated Wagner's service to German culture but would later mock him.

Wagner's century

Second marriage

In 1853, Richard Wagner met Franz Liszt's daughter Cosima - she was 15 years old. By 1870, both had a marriage behind them and multiple children. They married in Lucerne. Shortly thereafter, Wagner selected Bayreuth as the site of his own opera festival house. The cornerstone was laid on May 22, 1872, and a year later, the Wagner family moved into the Wahnfried residence.

Wagner's century

The Green Hill

August 1876 marked the first festival summer in Bayreuth with a major social event: the premiere of "The Ring of the Nibelung." Kaiser Wilhelm I came, along with his entourage and pretty much everyone with a prominent name. Wagner was now world famous, but also criticized for his regal style and polemics.

Wagner's century

Death in Venice

"Triste, Triste, Triste. Wagner è morto!" mourned the Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi after learning that Richard Wagner had died on February 13, 1883 in Venice in the Palazzo Vendramin-Calergi. Wagner's embalmed corpse was returned to Bayreuth and buried in a garden near Villa Wahnfried, where his remains still rest today.

Author: Silke Bartlik / gsw