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Featured article: May 28, 2009

Hunt in action in 2004

La Peau de chagrin is an 1831 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850). Set in early 19th-century Paris, it tells the story of a young man who finds a magic piece of shagreen that fulfills his every desire. For each wish granted, however, the skin shrinks and consumes a portion of his physical energy. La Peau de chagrin belongs to the Études philosophiques group of Balzac's sequence of novels, La Comédie humaine. Although the novel uses fantastic elements, its main focus is a realistic portrayal of the excesses of bourgeois materialism. The book's central theme is the conflict between desire and longevity. The magic skin represents the owner's life force, which is depleted through every expression of will, especially when it is employed for the acquisition of power. Ignoring a caution from the shopkeeper who offers the skin to him, the protagonist greedily surrounds himself with wealth, only to find himself miserable and decrepit at the story's end. La Peau de chagrin firmly established Balzac as a writer of significance in France and abroad. His social circle widened significantly, and he was sought eagerly by publishers for future projects. It inspired Giselher Klebe's opera Die tödlichen Wünsche and may have influenced Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. (more...)

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Convair B-36 experimental landing gear

Experimental continuous tracked landing gear on a Convair B-36 Peacemaker. The gear was intended to spread out the weight of the B-36 to allow it to land on softer runways, but was abandoned in favor of the conventional four-wheeled bogie.

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Featured list: Provinces of the Philippines
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The provinces of the Philippines are the primary administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 80 provinces, further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region as well as independent cities are autonomous from any provincial government. Each province is administered by an elected governor who oversees various local government entities.

The provinces are grouped into seventeen regions based on geographical, cultural, and ethnological characteristics. Fourteen of the regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location from north to south. The National Capital Region, Cordillera Administrative Region, and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao do not have number designations.

Each province is member to the League of Provinces of the Philippines, an organization which aims to address issues affecting provincial and metropolitan government administrations.[1]

Government

Provincial government is autonomous of other provinces within the Republic. Each province is governed by two main elected branches of government: executive and legislative. Judicial affairs are separated from provincial governance, administered by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.

National

National intrusion into the affairs of each provincial government is limited by the constitution. The President of the Philippines however coordinates with provincial administrators through the Department of the Interior and Local Government. For purposes of national representation, each province is divided into one or more congressional districts. One congressional representative represents each district in the House of Representatives. Senate representation is elected at an at-large basis and not apportioned by provincial districts.

Executive

The provincial governor is chief executive and head of each province. Elected to a term of three years and limited to three terms, he or she appoints the directors of each provincial department which include the office of administration, engineering office, information office, legal office and treasury office.

Legislative

The vice-governor acts as the president of each Sangguniang Panlalawigan (SP; English: Provincial Board), the province's legislative body. The Sanggunian is composed of members from provincial districts. The number of SP members to which a province is entitled is determined by its income class. First- and second-class provinces have ten SP members; third- and fourth-class provinces have eight, and fifth- and sixth-class provinces have six. The only exceptions to this rule are provinces which have more than five congressional districts. Cebu, Negros Occidental and Pangasinan have twelve board members each.

Each Sangguniang Panlalawigan has designated seats for ex-officio members. Such seats are given to the local president of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), the local president of the Philippine Councilors League (PCL), and the local president of the Sanggunian Kabataan (SK; English: Youth Council).

The vice-governor and members of the Sanggunian are elected by the citizens of the province. Ex-officio members are elected by members of their respective organizations.

Map



List of provinces

For a sortable table containing figures for all first-level subdivisions (provinces and independent cities), see List of primary local government units of the Philippines.
Province Capital Region Population
(2007)		 Population
rank		 Area
(km²)		 Area
rank		 Pop. density
(per km²)		 Pop. density
rank
Abra Bangued CAR 230,953 67 4,198.20 33 55.01 77
Agusan del Norte[2] Cabadbaran City[3] Region XIII 612,405 46 3,546.86 40 172.66 49
Agusan del Sur Prosperidad Region XIII 609,447 47 9,989.52 5 61.01 74
Aklan Kalibo Region VI 495,122 56 1,821.42 66 271.83 24
Albay Legazpi City Region V 1,190,823 24 2,565.77 56 464.12 11
Antique San Jose de Buenavista Region VI 515,265 53 2,729.17 52 188.8 45
Apayao Kabugao[4] CAR 103,633 77 4,351.23 31 23.82 80
Aurora Baler Region III 187,802 69 3,147.32 47 59.67 75
Basilan Isabela City ARMM[5] 496,505 55 2,217.13 58 223.94 37
Bataan Balanga City Region III 662,153 43 1,372.98 72 482.27 9
Batanes Basco Region II 15,974 80 219.01 80 72.94 70
Batangas Batangas City Region IV-A 2,245,869 8 3,119.72 48 719.89 7
Benguet[6] La Trinidad CAR 674,459 42 2,826.59 49 238.61 35
Biliran Naval Region VIII 150,031 74 536.01 77 279.9 23
Bohol Tagbilaran City Region VII 1,230,110 23 4,820.95 26 255.16 30
Bukidnon Malaybalay City Region X 1,190,284 25 10,498.59 4 113.38 63
Bulacan Malolos City Region III 2,826,936 4 2,774.85 50 1018.77 5
Cagayan Tuguegarao City Region II 1,072,571 28 9,295.75 6 115.38 61
Camarines Norte Daet Region V 513,785 54 2,320.07 57 221.45 38
Camarines Sur[7] Pili Region V 1,693,821 15 5,465.26 20 309.93 20
Camiguin Mambajao Region X 81,293 79 237.95 79 341.64 16
Capiz Roxas City Region VI 701,664 39 2,594.64 55 270.43 25
Catanduanes Virac Region V 232,757 66 1,492.16 71 155.99 51
Cavite Imus[8] Region IV-A 2,856,765 3 1,512.41 69 1888.88 2
Cebu[9] Cebu City[10] Region VII 3,848,730 1 5,331.07 23 724.66 6
Compostela Valley Nabunturan Region XI 637,366 44 4,479.77 28 142.28 54
Cotabato Kidapawan City Region XII 1,121,974 27 9,008.90 7 124.54 58
Davao del Norte Tagum City Region XI 847,440 32 3,426.97 44 247.29 32
Davao del Sur[11] Digos City Region XI 2,185,743 10 6,667.06 13 327.84 18
Davao Oriental[12] Mati Region XI 486,104 57 5,670.07 19 85.73 69
Dinagat Islands San Jose Region XIII 120,813 76 1,036.34 74 116.58 60
Eastern Samar Borongan City Region VIII 405,114 62 4,640.73 27 87.3 68
Guimaras Jordan Region VI 151,238 73 604.57 76 250.16 31
Ifugao Lagawe CAR 180,711 71 2,628.21 53 68.76 73
Ilocos Norte Laoag City Region I 547,284 49 3,504.30 42 156.17 50
Ilocos Sur Vigan City Region I 632,255 45 2,595.96 54 243.55 33
Iloilo[13] Iloilo City[10] Region VI 2,110,588 11 7,899.35 10 267.19 26
Isabela[14] Ilagan Region II 1,401,495 18 13,778.76 2 101.71 65
Kalinga Tabuk CAR 182,326 70 3,231.25 46 56.43 76
La Union San Fernando City Region I 720,972 36 1,503.75 70 479.45 10
Laguna Santa Cruz Region IV-A 2,473,530 6 1,823.55 65 1356.44 3
Lanao del Norte[15] Tubod Region X 846,329 33 3,824.79 35 221.3 39
Lanao del Sur Marawi City ARMM 1,138,544 26 12,051.85 3 94.47 66
Leyte[16] Tacloban City[10] Region VIII 1,722,036 14 6,515.05 14 264.32 27
Maguindanao[17] Shariff Aguak ARMM 1,532,868 17 7,623.75 11 201.06 43
Marinduque Boac Region IV-B 229,636 68 952.58 75 241.07 34
Masbate Masbate City Region V 768,939 34 4,151.78 34 185.21 46
Misamis Occidental Oroquieta City Region X 531,680 52 2,055.22 62 258.7 29
Misamis Oriental[18] Cagayan de Oro City[10] Region X 1,302,851 19 3,515.70 41 370.58 14
Mountain Province Bontoc CAR 148,661 75 2,157.38 59 68.91 72
Negros Occidental[19] Bacolod City[10] Region VI 2,869,766 2 7,965.21 9 360.29 15
Negros Oriental Dumaguete City Region VII 1,231,904 22 5,385.53 22 228.74 36
Northern Samar Catarman Region VIII 549,759 48 3,692.93 37 148.87 53
Nueva Ecija Palayan City[20] Region III 1,853,853 13 5,751.33 18 322.33 19
Nueva Vizcaya Bayombong Region II 397,837 63 4,378.80 30 90.86 67
Occidental Mindoro Mamburao Region IV-B 421,592 60 5,865.71 17 71.87 71
Oriental Mindoro Calapan City Region IV-B 735,769 35 4,238.38 32 173.6 48
Palawan[21] Puerto Princesa City[10] Region IV-B 892,660 30 17,030.75 1 52.41 78
Pampanga[22] San Fernando City Region III 2,226,444 9 2,044.99 63 1088.73 4
Pangasinan[23] Lingayen Region I 2,645,395 5 5,451.08 21 485.3 8
Quezon[24] Lucena City[10] Region IV-A 1,882,900 12 8,926.01 8 210.95 41
Quirino Cabarroguis Region II 163,610 72 3,486.16 43 46.93 79
Rizal[25] Pasig City[26] Region IV-A 2,284,046 7 1,175.76 73 1942.61 1
Romblon Romblon Region IV-B 279,774 65 1,533.45 68 182.45 47
Samar Catbalogan Region VIII 695,149 40 6,048.03 15 114.94 62
Sarangani Alabel Region XII 475,514 58 3,601.25 39 132.04 55
Siquijor Siquijor Region VII 87,695 78 337.49 78 259.84 28
Sorsogon Sorsogon City Region V 709,673 38 2,119.01 61 334.91 17
South Cotabato[27] Koronadal City Region XII 1,296,797 20 4,428.81 29 292.81 21
Southern Leyte Maasin City Region VIII 390,847 64 1,797.22 67 217.47 40
Sultan Kudarat Isulan Region XII 675,644 41 5,251.34 24 128.66 57
Sulu Jolo ARMM 849,670 31 2,135.25 60 397.93 13
Surigao del Norte Surigao City Region XIII 409,468 61 1,972.93 64 207.54 42
Surigao del Sur[12] Tandag City Region XIII 541,347 51 4,925.18 25 109.91 64
Tarlac Tarlac City Region III 1,243,449 21 2,736.64 51 454.37 12
Tawi-Tawi Bongao[28] ARMM 450,346 59 3,426.55 45 131.43 56
Zambales[29] Iba Region III 720,355 37 3,714.40 36 193.94 44
Zamboanga del Norte Dipolog City Region IX 907,238 29 7,301.00 12 124.26 59
Zamboanga del Sur[30] Pagadian City Region IX 1,688,685 16 5,914.16 16 285.53 22
Zamboanga Sibugay Ipil Region IX 546,186 50 3,607.75 38 151.39 52
Metro Manila[25] Manila (Regional center) NCR 11,553,427 -- 616.28 -- 18747.04 --

NOTES:

Maps

Provinces by the years they achieved province status.

Island (blue) and landlocked (red) provinces. The grey areas have both land and sea boundaries.

Provinces classified by income classification.

Provinces classified by population.

Provinces classified by area.

Provinces classified by population density.

Etymologies

Main article: List of Philippine provincial name etymologies

History

When the United States acquired the Philippines from Spain in 1898, the islands were divided into four gobiernos (governments), which were further subdivided into provinces and districts. The American administration initially inherited the Spanish divisions and placed them under military government. As insurgencies were pacified, civil government was gradually restored.

  • 1901-06-11: Morong district merged with part of Manila Province to form Rizal Province.
  • 1903: Moro Province formed, consisting of the districts of Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Sulu, and Zamboanga. Its capital was the town of Zamboanga.
  • 1907: Romblon merged with Capiz; split from it again in 1917.
  • 1908-08-13: Mountain Province formed by merging the provinces of Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Lepanto, which became its sub-provinces.
  • 1920-02-21: Marinduque province split from Tayabas.
  • 1920-12-15: Masbate province split from Sorsogon.
  • 1921-02-20: Mindoro province split from Marinduque.
  • 1923-03-27: Leyte divided into Occidental Leyte and Oriental Leyte by law, but never proclaimed by the governor-general.
  • 1946: Romblon province merged again with Capiz; split from it again on 1947-01-01.
  • 1946-09-07: Name of Tayabas province changed to Quezon.
  • 1956-04-25: Aklan province split from Capiz (implemented 1956-11-08).
  • 1969-06-21: Name of Western Samar province changed to Samar.
  • 1969-08-04: Samal sub-province created from Davao del Norte but never inaugurated.
  • 1971-10-04: Maranaw province created from Lanao del Sur but never inaugurated.
  • 1972-01-08: Siquijor province split from Negros Oriental.
  • 1972-06-17: Name of Davao del Norte province changed to Davao.
  • 1973-12-27: Status of Basilan changed from chartered city to province.
  • 1979-08-13: Aurora province split from Quezon, following a plebiscite.
  • 1983-12-19: Name of North Cotabato province changed to Cotabato.
  • 1986-08-18: Negros del Norte creation found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, reverts as part of Negros Occidental.
  • 1992-03-16: Sarangani province split from South Cotabato.
  • 1995-02-14: Kalinga-Apayao province split into Kalinga and Apayao provinces.
  • 1998-03-07: Compostela Valley province split from Davao province. Name of Davao province changed back to Davao del Norte.
  • 2008-11-18: Shariff Kabunsuan creation found unconstitutional by Supreme Court, reverts as part of Maguindanao.

Formally proposed provinces

Note: This section lists only those proposals that reached the stage where legislation was enacted for the purpose of establishing a province.

Map of the Philippines showing the proposed provinces
  • Occidental Leyte and Oriental Leyte (March 27, 1923) – Leyte was divided into two new provinces by Act No. 3117 on March 27, 1923. The division never took place however as no proclamation was issued by the governor-general. [31]
    • The province of Oriental Leyte would have covered the present-day territories of the entire province of Biliran, the municipalities of Abuyog, Alangalang, Babatngon, Barugo, Burauen, Calubian, Capoocan, Carigara, Dagami, Dulag, Jaro, Javier, Julita, La Paz, Leyte, MacArthur, Mahaplag, Mayorga, Palo, Pastrana, San Isidro, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Tabango, Tabontabon, Tanauan, Tolosa, Tunga and Tacloban City (which was designated as the provincial capital).
    • The province of Occidental Leyte would have covered the present-day territories of the entire province of Southern Leyte, the municipalities of Albuera, Bato, Hilongos, Hindang, Inopacan, Isabel, Kananga, Matag-ob, Matalom, Merida, Palompon, Villaba and the cities of Baybay and Ormoc. The province capital of Occidental Leyte "SEC. 2. ... shall be designated by the Governor-General, until determined by a plurality vote of the electors of the new province at the next general election."
  • Samal (1969) – The sub-province of Samal was created by Republic Act No. 5999 and covered the area of the present-day Island Garden City of Samal (or in other words, the whole island of Samal). However, the sub-province was never inaugurated.
  • Maranaw (1971) – Republic Act 6406, which sought to create a new province out of eastern Lanao del Sur (now corresponding to the province's first congressional district), was approved on October 4, 1971. The province was to consist of Marawi City (the capital) and the municipalities of Bubong, Ditsaan-Ramain (including what is now Buadiposo-Buntong), Kapai, Lumba-Bayabao (including what is now Maguing), Marantao, Masiu, Mulondo, Saguiaran, Piagapo, Poona Bayabao, Tamparan, Taraka and Wao (including what is now Bumbaran). Lanao del Sur was to retain the remaining municipalities, with Malabang serving as its new capital. Without the political will or the resources to implement it, the division never took place. A legacy of this unimplemented division is the existence of two ZIP code series for Lanao del Sur: the 93 series was retained by what were to be the remaining towns of the province (with Malabang, the new capital, being assigned the code 9300), while a new series (97) was assigned to what was supposed to be the province of Maranaw (with Marawi City getting the code 9700).
  • Negros del Norte (1985-1986) – Batas Pambansa Blg. 885, which sought to create a new province out of the northern portion of Negros Occidental, took effect on December 23, 1985, with a plebiscite to ratify the law held on January 3, 1986. The province was to be composed of the cities of Cadiz (which was to serve as the capital), San Carlos and Silay, as well as the municipalities of Calatrava, E. B. Magalona, Escalante, Manapla, Salvador Benedicto, Sagay, Toboso and Victorias. Although the creation of the new province was ratified by voters in the proposed new province, the Supreme Court declared Batas Pambansa Blg. 885, as well as the proclamation of the province of Negros del Norte, null and void on July 11, 1986 after ruling that the enabling law was unconstitutional.
  • Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur (1995) – On February 20, 1995 Republic Act 7891, which sought to divide the province of Isabela, was approved. Isabela del Norte was to comprise municipalities belonging to the province's first and second congressional districts with Ilagan serving as capital. Isabela del Sur was to consist of the third and fourth congressional districts (excluding the independent component city of Santiago), with Cauayan as the capital. The proposed division was rejected in a plebiscite held on June 20, 1995.
  • Quezon del Norte and Quezon del Sur (2007) – The act dividing the province of Quezon into two, Republic Act 9495, lapsed into law without the president's signature on September 7, 2007. Quezon del Norte was to be composed of the first and second congressional districts of the province, with Lucena City as its capital. Quezon del Sur, with its capital at Gumaca, would have been composed of the third and fourth congressional districts. The COMELEC held the plebiscite on December 13, 2008 and majority of the votes cast rejected the division.

See also

References

  1. ^ About the League of Provinces, League of Provinces of the Philippines, http://www.lpp.gov.ph/facts/index.html, retrieved 2008-01-12 
  2. ^ Figures include the independent city of Butuan.
  3. ^ Cabadbaran has been made the official capital of the province, as per Republic Act 8811. However, the seat of the provincial government is still in the process of being transferred from Butuan City, where the provincial government still holds office.
  4. ^ The province maintains another government center in Luna, where many national and provincial agencies now hold office. Philippine Information Agency - Apayao gov't center established in Luna
  5. ^ The city of Isabela is served by the offices of Region IX.
  6. ^ Figures include the independent city of Baguio.
  7. ^ Figures include the independent city of Naga.
  8. ^ The provincial government of Cavite makes it clear that Imus is the provincial capital, while the seat of the provincial government is Trece Martires City. Official Website of the Province of Cavite - Socio-economic Profile.
  9. ^ Figures include the independent cities of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Because the provincial government holds office within an independent city, in effect the province maintains the seat of its government outside its jurisdiction.
  11. ^ Figures include the independent city of Davao.
  12. ^ a b Population figures for both Davao Oriental and Surigao del Sur exclude the 4,555 persons residing in areas disputed between these provinces.
  13. ^ Figures include the independent city of Iloilo.
  14. ^ Figures include the independent city of Santiago.
  15. ^ Figures include the independent city of Iligan.
  16. ^ Figures include the independent cities of Ormoc and Tacloban.
  17. ^ Figures include the independent city of Cotabato.
  18. ^ Figures include the independent city of Cagayan de Oro.
  19. ^ Figures include the independent city of Bacolod.
  20. ^ The provincial government still uses and maintains facilities in the former capital, Cabanatuan City.
  21. ^ Figures include the independent city of Puerto Princesa.
  22. ^ Figures include the independent city of Angeles.
  23. ^ Figures include the independent city of Dagupan.
  24. ^ Figures include the independent city of Lucena.
  25. ^ a b Population figures for both Metro Manila and Rizal Province exclude the 24,789 persons residing in areas disputed between the municipality of Cainta, Rizal and the city of Pasig in Metro Manila.
  26. ^ The provincial government has already transferred its operations to Antipolo City, although no legislation on the national level has been enacted yet recognizing the new capital. Yehey! News - Board wants Antipolo officially named capital of Rizal
  27. ^ Figures include the independent city of General Santos.
  28. ^ The National Statistical Coordination Board recognizes both Bongao and Panglima Sugala as capitals of the province. However, the provincial capitol is located in Bongao, the de facto seat of government.
  29. ^ Figures include the independent city of Olongapo.
  30. ^ Figures include the independent city of Zamboanga.
  31. ^ Philippines-Archipelago, Region VIII (Eastern Visayas), Specific information on the division of Leyte provided by David A. Short, webmaster of Philippines-Archipelago, which was updated accordingly after indirectly obtaining a copy of the text of Act No. 3117 from the Legislative Library, House of Representatives, http://philippines-archipelago.com/politics/map/region_viii/eastern_visayas.html, retrieved 2008-05-17 

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1912 – It's a Long Way to Tipperary
It's a Long Way to Tipperary, written by Jack Judge in 1912 and performed here by Albert Farrington in 1915.
1870 – Die Walküre: Ride of the Valkyries
The Ride of the Valkyries from Richard Wagner's Die Walküre. Performed by the American Symphony Orchestra for Edison Records in 1921.
c. 1800 – Sor Op 11 No 2
The second piece from Fernando Sor's Twelve Minuets, Opus 11, early 19th century.
United States Army Band Reveille
Reveille performed on the bugle by a member of the United States Army Band.
1920 – Comrades of the Legion
John Philip Sousa's march "Comrades of the Legion", in a modern-day recording from "The President's Own" United States Marine Band's contemporary album "Semper Fidelis": Music of John Philip Sousa; Colonel John R. Bourgeois, Director.
16th century – El Noi de la Mare
The 16th century Catalan Christmas carol "El Noi de la Mare", performed as a classical guitar instrumental by Wikipedian Jujutacular.
c.1828 – 24 Progressive Lessons For Beginners, Op. 31 No 1.
The first piece from Fernando Sor's Opus 31, a collection of pieces for classical guitar. Recording by Wikipedian Jujutacular.
1889 – Semper Fidelis March
John Philip Sousa's Semper Fidelis March, the official march of the United States Marine Corps. Performed by the United States Marine Band in June 1909.
1911 – Ramshackle Rag
A 1911 composition by Ted Snyder perfomed by Arthur Pryor's Band in the same year, in an arrangment by William Schulz.
1911 – That Flying Rag
Arthur Pryor's "That Flying Rag" performed by Arthur Pryor's Band in 1911. Arrangement by Louis-Philippe Laurendeau.
1906 – Anchors Aweigh
A United States Department of Defence instrumental recording of "Anchors Aweigh", the song of the United States Navy. Music by Charles A. Zimmerman, with lyrics (not here used) by Alfred Hart Miles.

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