Battle of Cepeda (1820)
| Battle of Cepeda | |||||||
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| Part of Argentine Civil War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Federals |
 Unitarians |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Estanislao López Francisco Ramírez |
José Rondeau | ||||||
The Battle of Cepeda of 1820 took place on February 1st in Cañada de Cepeda, Santa Fe, Argentina.
It was the first major battle that saw Unitarians and Federals as two constituted sides. Federal League Provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Ríos joined forces to topple the 1819 centralist Constitution, and the Directorial government of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Both provincial leaders, Estanislao López and Francisco Ramírez, were strong allies of José Gervasio Artigas.
Supreme Director José Rondeau called back the Armies that were fighting the Argentine War of Independence to fight the Federals. The Army of the Andes, commanded by José de San Martín refused to abandon the offensive against the royalists in Chile and Peru. The Army of the North, commanded by Manuel Belgrano, mutinied at Arequito, as the troops and the officiality refused to fight a civil war, and asked instead to go back to the northern frontier to fight the royalists.
[edit] Consequences
The complete victory of the Federal forces over a diminished Directorial army led to the end of the central authority established by the 1819 Constitution through the Supreme Director, and laid the foundations for a rather new Federal organization for Argentina, as the Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires signed the Treaty of Pilar on February 23rd.
Some provisions included in the Treaty on behalf of Buenos Aires, proved unacceptable to Artigas (styled Protector of the League of the Free Peoples, who was exiled in Entre Ríos following his defeat to the Brazilian Empire invasion of the Banda Oriental), so he ordered both López and Ramírez to renounce it. But, in one of the most important turns of Argentine history, however, both caudilloss turned themselves against their former inspirational leader and Ramírez battled against him, destroying the remnants of his army and pushing him forward to exile in Paraguay.
Then, Ramírez took on seriously his own chances as hegemonic leader, so he declared the Republic of Entre Ríos on September 29th 1820, but the experiment would barely live as long as Ramírez himself. On July 10th, 1821, he was assassinated by the forces of his former ally Estanislao López, who fought this time alongside Buenos Aires and Corrientes Provinces, fearful of Ramírez' aspirations.
[edit] See also
- History of Argentina
- United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
- Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
- Liga Federal
[edit] References
- Partes de batalla de las guerras civiles. Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de la Historia. 1977.
- Best, Félix (1980). Historia de las Guerras Argentinas. Buenos Aires: Ed. Peuser.
- Busaniche, José Luis (1980). Historia argentina. Buenos Aires: Ed. Peuser.
- Gianello, Leoncio (1986). Historia de Santa Fe. Buenos Aires: Ed. Plus Ultra.
- López Rosas, José R. (1981). Entre la monarquía y la república. Buenos Aires: Ed. La Bastilla.
- Luna, Félix (1971). Los caudillos. Buenos Aires: Ed. Peña Lillo.
- Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro (2004). Campañas militares argentinas. Buenos Aires: Ed. Emecé.
- Serrano, Mario (1996). Arequito: ¿por qué se sublevó el Ejército del Norte?. Buenos Aires: Ed. Círculo Militar.
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