GENUKI Contents | How Genuki is organised |
The basic logical structuring scheme we have adopted, which is taken directly from the proven scheme developed over the years by the LDS Family History Library, is described in the page How the information on this server is presented to the user. Being essentially hierarchical in form, it provides a convenient means for organizing the cooperative provision of a coherent and easily navigable service, using a number of different servers, each associated with a particular geographical locality, or with a particular subject topic associated with a given locality. Thus, as long as we agree on and adhere to a common set of conventions regarding content and layout, we can cooperatively provide a very large and almost indefinitely scalable information service.
There will of course remain the "problem" that our service contains a growing number of links to other information services on the Web that have been designed in totally different ways. Though we should try where possible to assist users to cope with the complications provided by such inconsistencies, there will be severe limits to what can be done - but at least our aim should be to allow users to remain largely unaware of the devolved administration and provision of the UK&I service itself.
In what follows we have for convenience formulated the standards assuming that the person producing pages of information for the service is also hosting those pages on his or her own server. However many of the conventions are also relevant to people who are producing html pages which they then hand over to someone else to place on his/her server.
Features to be currently avoided are:
FRAMES
.Frame support is not yet widespread. Browsers without
it omit large sections of pages using them.
We therefore need a collective decision-making scheme regarding the evolution of standards for this service. The simple one we have adopted is that policy, e.g. on the format and layout of the pages, and their location, will be decided by a majority decision of the maintainers of the UK&I WWW pages.
Needless to say, we must ensure that copyright restrictions are properly adhered to. Information that is known to be subject to copyright restrictions should not be incorporated in this information service without prior clearance from the copyright owners, and the inclusion of appropriate statements about ownership.
David Hawgood has made available copies of documents on Copyright for Family Historians and Computer Copyright for Family Historians.
The situation regarding the reproduction of much Crown copyright material, such as census records, has recently changed. The Crown now waives "its copyright in Crown copyright material in public records that are available to the public and that were unpublished when they were transferred to the PRO. This means that such material can be copied, indexed, transcribed, published and broadcast without formal permission, payment of a copyright fee or acknowledgement of copyright. The change affects not only public records in the PRO but also those in all places of deposit outside the PRO, the National Archives of Scotland and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Material in private copyright, published Crown copyright material, and non-public records are all unaffected". For further information see the National Archives guidelines on Copyright.
Where, on grounds of storage economy, it is desired to hold information in compressed form, then we suggest that you use the following methods of compression and archiving:
The zip format is probably the most widely known format and provides both archiving and compression via a single program. The use of "tar" files seems to intimidate most DOS users and is therefore less preferable. They do also need to be separately compressed and here the gzip program is to be preferred as there are no copyright/patent issues concerning it and it gives better compression than the compress program.
If compression would not result in significant storage economy then please try to present the data as a text file as it makes it much easier for the user to use, and in some cases e.g. a browse only service with no data storage, when the user would be unable to access a compressed archive.
New users tend to have problems with any form of compression or archiving, so if you have a link to such a file, then also add a link to the page that explains ftp, compression etc. E.g.
[ <A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/org/ftp.html">ftp</A> ]
For information items which are particularly likely to need updating, it is best to state such information just once, ideally in a separate page, and if necessary have multiple links to that page. For example, society contact addresses should ideally be given just in a page that also gives general information about the society - a page that the society or its nominee is responsible for updating. (However to use a separate page when all one has is an address is excessive. And there are a number of files, e.g. transcribed library leaflets, that we want to include in their entirety even though they contain information such as addresses which might be less up to date than other versions of such information elsewhere in the server - the partial "solution" is to make sure to indicate the date such a leaflet was printed, or copied onto a server.)
Bibliographic citations should be not only accurate but also as complete as possible - in the case of books, it is useful to include ISBN information. (If there are many potentially relevant references that might be cited in some given topic area, try to choose the best and most up to date ones - and perhaps provide a capsule summary or review of the each item chosen in order to indicate the reasons for its inclusion.)
The standards we adhere to for our transcriptions are explained in our Statement of Copyright and Accuracy.
Additional information is available in "The Data Protection Act and genealogists", one of several online Information Leaflets provided by the Society of Genealogists.
In case of doubt, try to follow the LDS Family History Library's practices. (For example, this provides the authority for the decision to limit the parishes that will be listed in and linked from the London page to those that are situated within the City of London, thus leaving Chelsea and Westminster parishes, for instance to be listed under Middlesex.) However make appropriate use of "See also" and "See under" links where it is anticipated that confusion could arise.
Where significant information on a particular topic is to be found elsewhere in the service (e.g. within a transcribed information leaflet from the PRO or some other archive) provide a link under the relevant topic heading, at the appropriate locality level, as well as the link to the whole leaflet (e.g. from the page describing the archive).
The physical structure of the service involves having separate pages for each locality - though introducing such pages for towns and parishes only as needed. Separate pages are also used for information on a given topic when this information is more than, say, a paragraph in length.
With regard to pages held on a given server, all those relating to a particular
country, county, or town/parish are held in a directory related to that
country, county, or town/parish. The opening page for each country, county, or
town/parish is held in a file usually called index.html
. This
depends on the WWW server software running on the machine holding your pages.
On Unix machines the default page loaded when you just specify just a directory
name is index.html
.
Each Town/Parish page should be the default file (index.html on most servers)
in its own directory which should be a sub-directory of the county directory.
The directory name should be the town/parish name in full (omitting spaces
and with the first character of each word capitalized), eg
http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/NetherStowey/index.html
(links can omit "index.html"). Having a separate directory for each
town/parish provides a convenient location for any other material relating to
that parish, and adopting the standardised naming arrangement and directory
structure
described allows automated facilities such as the searchable
Census Place
Database to readily find and provide a link to the page.
Country, county, and town/parish pages typically start with an introductory paragraph (a nice touch is to use a quote from, say, an 18th or 19th century text). A maximum of 200 words for such a quote keeps it to a manageable size and prevents subsequent information being visible only by scrolling down the page. Enclose the quotation in quotation marks and then in <BLOCKQUOTE> ... </BLOCKQUOTE> bracketing as otherwise some users do not realise it is a quote.
Country and county pages then have an alphabetized list of links to their counties and towns/parishes for which information is available, respectively. See the Parish Listings section for more information.
This list is followed by appropriately-headed paragraphs, in alphabetical order, on particular topics. These paragraphs are meant to be informative in themselves, though should be brief, and can contain links to pages providing more detailed information where this is available.
There is a prescribed list of headings to use which are taken from the subject headings in the LDS library catalogue. It may seem a little restrictive to impose this but it has been produced by librarians cataloguing what is probably the largest Family History Library in the world.
It is not possible to be so prescriptive regarding the layout and content of topic pages. However, as the service evolves, so we may find it appropriate to try to formulate conventions concerning certain standard topics that occur in many localities.
The standard convention in bibliographic citations is to italicize the name of a book or of a journal.
LAN/
rather than just LAN
. This makes it more efficient because a
second call is made by the viewer when a directory is found instead of a file.
It also results in the proper URL being retained.
GENUKI is a registered trade mark of the <a href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/org/#About">charitable trust GENUKI</a>. Copyright © 2004, Genuki.(if your pages are within www.genuki.org.uk, replace "http://www.genuki.org.uk/org/#About" by just "/org/#About".)
[Some current browsers, such as IE5, complicate the process of saving files to your hard-disc by modifying files saved using the usual "File .. Save As" method. If this is causes problems when attempting to download the source HTML of the Parish Template, you can instead download a zipped version of the this Template.]
When we first started GENUKI, there were very few genealogy pages on the net, and all the UK ones were part of GENUKI. Nowadays there are many genealogy pages, and frequently users come into GENUKI via a link from some other page, and do not realise that they have arrived at a GENUKI page. We therefore need to make users realise that the information that they find so useful has been provided by GENUKI, not by the person who wrote the page they started on.
An important part of this "branding" process, is to ensure that your pages closely follow the GENUKI "look and feel", which these standards define. There are other techniques which we can also use to subtly shout "GENUKI" to the viewer. A standard icon or logo has been provided both for branding purposes and as a link to the GENUKI Home Page - this should appear at the top left of every GENUKI page:
<BODY> <A NAME="top"></A> <A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk"> <IMG ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE=10 SRC="/images/GenukiLogo.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI Home Page" WIDTH=96 HEIGHT=78></A>We can also amend the
<TITLE>
tag at the top of the page to label each page as:
<HEAD> <TITLE>GENUKI: page title</TITLE> </HEAD>and add the
ALT="GENUKI Contents"
attribute to the image we use
for the contents page link in the standard buttons at the top of each page.
Finally, <META> tags can be used in the HEAD section of the county and parish pages ie between the <HEAD> and </HEAD> tags. As well as branding, these will enable search engines to display a sensible summary of the page contents and the page's position in the overall GENUKI hierarchy:
<HEAD> <TITLE>GENUKI: Ancoats</TITLE> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Genealogical research information about Ancoats, Lancashire, England."> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="GENUKI, England, Lancashire, Ancoats"> </HEAD>
The standard location for icons is the images directory of the server, so that is a good place to put them. Alternatively create an images directory subservient to your genuki directory to hold them. They can thus be easily identified by indexing/logging software. It is important to keep the images on the same server as your pages, otherwise loading times can be significantly increased as a connection to more than one machine must be set up. Use identical images from the same location on a particular server as caching means that they only need to be fetched once.
Apart from the Logo mentioned under "Branding" above, there are four standard icons at the top of country and county pages (described later), and two on Towns, Parishes and other pages. The first pair is common to all pages that have buttons at the top.
The first button is an "Up arrow" gif which links you up a level in the hierarchy with appropriate text to tell you where you are going. The second is "Contents" which links to the main index file. The HTML for these is thus (this is an example of what would be on a Lancashire parish page):
<BODY> <TABLE BORDER=0><TR> <TD><A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk"> <IMG ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE=10 SRC="/images/GenukiLogo.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI Home Page" WIDTH=96 HEIGHT=78></A> <TD><A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/contents/"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/archiv.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI Contents" WIDTH=34 HEIGHT=32></A> <TD><A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/contents/">GENUKIIn this example copies of the icons are held locally in a central image directory. If you are storing them in space provided by an ISP then you are likely to have to have your own personal images directory and if its at the top level of your personal tree you access it like
Contents</A> <TD> <TD><A HREF="../"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/u_arrow.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI: Lancashire" WIDTH=30 HEIGHT=29><>Lancashire</A> </TABLE>
"/
your_userid/images/u_arrow.gif"
The <ALT=>
attributes on each icon provide text to display
if the user's WWW browser does not display images. The text against each image
also does that, so it can be argued that we don't need the
<ALT=>
attributes. However a lot of browsers now use this
tag to display a hint when the mouse is moved over the image, and so the text
here helps improve the usability of the service. It is also essential for partially
sighted users who use screen readers to view our pages.
Other images should be used very sparingly on GENUKI pages. Any present should
also use the <ALT=>
attribute to provide descriptive text.
You should bear in mind the size of any images. They may load quickly when
testing on your own machine, but if somebody is loading them down a slow
network line it may take longer to load than they think is worth waiting for.
It has been found that to ensure alignment on different browsers, window and font sizes that it is necessary to use tables to line everything up - as in the second example above. The set of buttons for the top of such a page are therefore as follows:
<BODY> <A NAME="top"></A> <A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk"> <IMG ALIGN="LEFT" HSPACE=10 SRC="/images/GenukiLogo.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI Home Page" WIDTH=96 HEIGHT=78></A> <TABLE BORDER=0><TR> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="../"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/u_arrow.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI: England" WIDTH=30 HEIGHT=29></A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="../">England</A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/contents/"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/archiv.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="GENUKI Contents" WIDTH=34 HEIGHT=32></A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/contents/">Contents</A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="#Towns"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/go_to.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="Towns and Parishes Index" WIDTH=34 HEIGHT=33></A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="#Towns">Lancashire<BR>Towns & Parishes</A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="#common"> <IMG ALIGN="BOTTOM" SRC="/images/d_point.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="Table of Contents for this page" WIDTH=32 HEIGHT=32></A> <TD VALIGN="BOTTOM"><A HREF="#common">Information related<BR>to all of Lancashire</A> </TABLE>
Note that this requires labels of Towns
and common
being placed at the "Towns and Parishes", and "Information related to all of
..." headings respectively.
The location of the GENUKI main index,
/contents/ has varied over time. You may have links to the old
locations on your pages that still actually work due to redirection on the
machines at Manchester. However this will not work indefinitely, so if you come
across one of the old URLs, then replace it with
http://www.genuki.org.uk/contents/
As the number of subject headings increases on the page it becomes useful to add anchors to each of these and place a table of links to them immediately after the "Information related to all of ..." heading. For example:
<H3><A NAME="common">INFORMATION RELATED TO ALL OF LANCASHIRE</A></H3> <TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%"><TR> <TD VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH="50%"> <A HREF="#Archives">Archives and Libraries</A><BR> <A HREF="#ChurchRecords">Church Records</A><BR> <A HREF="#CivilRegistration">Civil Registration</A><BR> <A HREF="#Directories">Directories</A><BR> <A HREF="#Genealogy">Genealogy</A><BR> <A HREF="#Historical Geography">Historical Geography</A><BR> <A HREF="#Manors">Manors</A><BR> <A HREF="#Maps">Maps</A><BR> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <A HREF="#MilitaryRecords">Military Records</A><BR> <A HREF="#Newspapers">Newspapers</A><BR> <A HREF="#Occupations">Occupations</A><BR> <A HREF="#Probate">Probate Records</A><BR> <A HREF="#Societies">Societies</A><BR> <A HREF="#Taxation">Taxation</A><BR> <A HREF="#VotingRegisters">Voting Registers</A> </TABLE> <H4><A NAME="Archives">Archives and Libraries</A></H4>
There is no well-known and standard way of grouping a county's parishes together. (The way parishes are/were grouped into Deaneries and Hundreds is not familiar to many users, and particularly over the last hundred years or so town and village boundaries have grown and changed considerably.) Our county pages, as they develop, therefore need to link essentially directly to large numbers of parish pages, otherwise users will not be able to find them.
Although it does not reduce the number of such links on a county page, we have introduced a convention, based on that used in the Phillimore Atlas and Index of Parish Registers of indicating parishes that were already part of a significant town a century or so ago. This is done by indenting them and prefacing them with the town name. This town name can then serve as a link to a town page, on which there can be additional links to the parishes.
This apart, we in general try to avoid listing large number of towns and other conurbations on the county pages, since most of these have become of significance only relatively recently. However, the inclusion of a modest number of "See" and "See also" references amongst the list of parish names is reasonable, when it is felt that this will help users.
Given that in almost all cases the list of parishes will be lengthy, the parish names can be grouped under their initial letters. An initial set of links to these groups can be provided, together with links jumping back to the start of the alphabetic listing. Particularly lengthy lists can be moved from the county page to a separate page which is linked from the "Towns and Parishes" icon on the county page button bar. (For a good example of the use of these various conventions, see the Northumberland page.)
<H3>
for major headings and <H4>
for subject headings seems to stand out adequately but at the same time getting
the maximum information on a page without scrolling.
It has been found to be extremely useful to have a "page last changed" date at the bottom of the page. It is used when preparing indexes and can also be useful in identifying when a printed copy was taken. The code used is normally of the form:
<P> <center><I>[Last updated 5 Nov 1996 - Brian Randell]</I></center>
If you are hosting a set of pages on some company's or organisation's machine then it is also useful to put an acknowledgement of that at the top of the tree you are hosting. It will make them feel happier about hosting it and a link to their home page can usually be put in without increasing the amount of text.
The information providers at the country and county levels are listed on
http://www.genuki.org.uk/org/providers.html
. This contains the
names of these people and a link to either their home page or their email
address. You may find it useful to have a link to your personal home page there
so that you can put any appropriate text between you and your email address to
fend off genealogy junk mail. And as a thankyou for maintaining a section of
GENUKI if you have personal research interests such as your own family tree
there, then you have indirectly linked it to GENUKI.
Your HTML can be checked using the validator provided by the World Wide Web
Consortium at
http://validator.w3.org/
, but this, of course, does not check
for compliance with GENUKI standards.
A user may notify you of an error by personal e-mail, on the genukiwww Mailing List or through our automated Error Reporting system.
Please address all reported link-errors as soon as possible - dead links reflect badly on all of us. Occasionally the software mentioned above may generate false error reports, but every reported error should be checked thoroughly before being dismissed as a false report. Links should always be checked on live web pages, not on copies held on your computer - a link may work on your machine but not on the web server! Also you may have two links to the same resource on a given page, one correct and one incorrect. Then, when notified of the error, you might check the good link and immediately dismiss the report as incorrect - this is a surprisingly common reason for bad links remaining uncorrected.
http://www.genuki.org.uk/Societies/
Each entry can be accessed via the individual
NAME=
label attached to each entry. Therefore each society is
represented by a link to its entry on the common Societies page.
The Societies page then has links to the individual society's home page if it has one. You may ask why the entry on the county page does not point directly to the society's home page. This is because the scheme is a necessary compromise whereby the county entry can access the common Societies page with the official society address and links are also provided to society home pages from a single point. E.g.
<A HREF="http://www.genuki.org.uk/Societies/#England.html#anchor1852015"> Manchester & Lancs FHS</A>
A similar scheme can be used to provide the address of local Register Offices
from the lists maintained by Peter Abbott at
http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/RegOffice/
A "Job Vacancy" page exists at
http://www.genuki.org.uk/org/helpus.html
which gives some
information about what is involved and who to contact.
The mailing list could be achieved by the coordinator using the CC facility of the mail program or by a dedicated permanent list whose membership would ideally be cleared after each discussion.
Two weeks of discussions follow although this may be increased in exceptional circumstances if deemed necessary, for example in the case of heated discussions for two weeks with little consensus!
Note that this does not fully specify what would happen if a discussion led to two or more irreconcilable views on the best way ahead. In this case it might be necessary for any proposal to specify these different views and for the members of the GENUKI mailing list to vote for their preferred option. To prevent two options ending up with the same number of votes it is recommended that a single-transferable vote would be used so that voters would specify their favoured option, 2nd favoured etc.
We expect people on the list to act fairly and responsibly, having respect for other people's views.
Find help, report problems, and contribute information.