| | | Union Consolidated Mining Company of Tennessee - Ducktown, Tennessee Incorporated in New York 1860 | Beautiful certificate from the Union Consolidated Mining Company of Tennessee issued in 1860. This historic document was printed by National Banknote Company and has an
ornate border around it. This item has the signatures of the Company's President, Chas. Latham and Secretary, Walter Congdon and is over 147 years old.
Copper was first discovered at Ducktown in 1843, and within four years mule teams were carrying casks of ore south to a forge at Dalton, Georgia. Sustained development of the Copper Basin began in the late 1850s after transportation improvements and company consolidation. Julius E. Raht combined many individual mining claims into the Union Consolidated Mining Company and became superintendent of both the Polk County Copper Company and the Burra Burra Copper Company. From 1865 to 1878, 24 million pounds of copper were taken from the underground mines, and 50 square miles of the Copper Basin area were stripped of its timber to fuel smelters and build mines. After 1891 production by the open-roasting process of removing copper from the ore, an environmentally disastrous method, killed vegetation for miles and left the landscape open to erosion. By the early twentieth century, a barren moonscape of red hills surrounded Ducktown and Copperhill.
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