CREDITS

Maps: Sanderson Associates, Peterborough, New Hampshire

Text: Dance © Charlotte Heth 1992. Adapted from the introduction to Native American Dance: Ceremonies and Social Traditions (Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishers, 1992; Washington, D.C.: National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, 1992).

Picture Credits: Abenaki Peabody Museum Harvard/copy negative no. N31034 by Hillel Burger; African Americans and American Indians Chicago Albumen Works of Housatonic, Massachusetts, Fred E. Miller Collection/ © Nancy Fields O'Connor; Agriculture Minnesota Historical Society/photo by Adrian J. Ebell/negative no. 36703; Alcatraz AP/Wide World Photos; Alcohol and Indians American Antiquarian Society; Aleut UPI/Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Architecture (tipi) Montana Historical Society, Gift of Mrs. A. C. Berglund/negative no. 955-523; Architecture (pueblo) Photo Researchers, Inc./photo by M.B. Duda; Architecture (wickiup) National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution/negative no. 26403; Arrowheads Courtesy of George C. Frison; Art, Visual (to 1960) (Chilkat mask) Cincinnati Art Museum, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Seely/accession no. 1889.294; Art, Visual (to 1960) (pottery) Museum of New Mexico/photo by Arthur Taylor, negative no. 98598; Arts, Contemporary (since 1960) Courtesy of Fritz Scholder/photo by Bill McLemore; Basketry Courtesy of Victoria Patterson, Redwood Valley, California/photo by Scott M. Patterson; Beads and Beadwork Photo Researchers, Inc./photo by Paolo Koch; Black Elk Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 3303-C; Blackfoot Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies, Banff, Alberta, Canada/negative no. V469/2771; Boarding Schools (before) Cumberland County Historical Society, Carlisle, Pennsylvania/negative no. PA-CHI-19; Boarding Schools (after) Cumberland County Historical Society, Carlisle, Pennsylvania/negative no. PA-CHI-31; Brant, Joseph National Archives of Canada/negative no. C11476; Bureau of Indian Affairs Library of Congress/negative no. LCUSZ62-56003; California Tribes Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California; Cherokee Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Cheyenne, Northern Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 270-A; Child Rearing Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 76-4346; Crazy Horse Beinecke Rare book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Curtis, Charles Kansas State Historical Society; Dance Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 42019-D; Eskimo The Granger Collection, New York; Families (Bannock) Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 1713; Families (Apache) Photo Researchers, Inc./photo by Lawrence Migdale; Fishing Oregon Historical Society/negative no. OrHi4463; Food and Cuisine Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 1878-B; Fur Trade Provincial Archives of Alberta, Ernest Brown Collection/negative no. B1700; General, Alexander Brantford Expositor, Brantford, Ontario; Geronimo National Archives and Records Administration/negative no. 165-AI-46; Ghost Dance Milwaukee Public Library; Hand Game Nevada Historical Society/negative no. E-535; Harjo, Chitto Archives and Manuscript Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society/negative no. 3905; Hatathli, Ned Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas/photo by Laura Gilpin, Navaho Book: 4301.1, "Arts and Crafts Guild: Ned Hatathli," 4" x 5" safety negative, September 1954; Herding and Ranching Contact Press Images/photo by Eric Haase; Hole-in-the-Day Minnesota Historical Society/photo by J. E. Whitney/negative no. 8161; Hopi The Picture Cube/photo by Cynthia Sterling; Horses and Indians Stock, Boston/photo by John Eastcott; Hunting Photo Researchers, Inc./photo by Lawrence Migdale; Indian-White Relations in Canada Canapress Photo Service/photo by Tom Hanson; Indian-White Relations in the U.S., 1776-1900 Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no.690-B; Iroquois Confederacy Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 961-C-1; Ishi Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley/negative no. 15-5414; Johnson, Pauline Brant County Museum & Archives, Brantford, Ontario, Canada; Jones, Peter Amon Carter Museum/calotype by David Octavius Hill, c. 1845/negative no. P1979.38; Joseph Courtesy of Dr. James Brust/photo by John Fouch; Kwakiutl Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 3946; Little Crow Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 3505-B; Lumbee Pembroke State University, Native American Resource Center, Pembroke, North Carolina; Manuelito Courtesy of the School of American Research at the Museum of New Mexico/photo by Ben Wittick/negative no. 16332; Mascots Contact Press Images/photo by Eric Haase; McIntosh, William, Jr. Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 45,111-B; Menominee Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 56826; Metacom American Antiquarian Society; Micmac Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 56827; Missions and Missionaries University of Oklahoma Library, Western History Collections, Campbell Collection; Mississippians University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma/negative no. LF CRi I 108-4; Montezuma, Carlos Arizona State University; Morgan, J. C. Navajo Nation Museum, Window Rock, Arizona; Mound Builders Photo Researchers, Inc./photo by Mark C. Burnett; Movies Courtesy of Broadway Video Entertainment, L. P. and George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography, Rochester, N.Y.; Muskrat, Ruth Library of Congress/negative no. LCUSZ62-107775; Nampeyo National Archives of Canada/photo by Edward S. Curtis, negative no. PA-39513; Native American Church AP/Wide World Photos; Nez Perce Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Occom, Samson American Antiquarian Society; Osceola National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC/Art Resource, New York; Parker, Ely S. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio; Parker, Quanah Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 1754-A-2; Photography Chicago Albumen Works of Housatonic, Massachusetts, Fred E. Miller Collection/© Nancy Fields O'Connor; Pocahontas Library of Congress/negative no. LCUSZ62-39316; Posey, Alexander Archives and Manuscript Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society, Barde Collection/negative no. 4213; Potawatomi Detroit Institute of Arts, Photographer unknown, Mayetta, Kansas/photo by Richard A. Pohrt; Potlatch University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library; Powhatan Confederacy Library of Congress/negative no. LCUSZ62-00582; Radicals UPI/Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Religion (ceremony) Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 55940; Religion (kachina) The Brooklyn Museum, Kachina Doll, Museum Expedition 1905, Museum Collection Fund; photo by Justin Kerr/accession no. 05.588.7193; Repatriation National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution/photo by Pamela Dewey; Riel, Louis National Archives of Canada/negative no. C-6688; Rogers, Will Brown Brothers; Ross, John Nebraska State Historical Society/collection no. R539; Seattle Washington State Historical Society; Seminole Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 45836-D; Sequoyah Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 999; Sioux Minnesota Historical Society/photo by B. F. Upton/negative no. 3475; Sitting Bull McCord Museum of Canadian History, Notman Photographic Archives, Montreal, Canada; Skolaskin Collection of Robert H. Ruby; Smohalla Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 2903-A; Spotted Tail Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 3121; Subarctic Tribes Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 75-5337; Sweat Lodge Chicago Albumen Works of Housatonic, Massachusetts, Fred E. Miller Collection/© Nancy Fields O'Connor; Tekakwitha, Kateri Mission St. Francis Xavier, Kahnawake, Canada; Textiles Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 2433; Thorpe, Jim UPI/Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Tohono O'odham Arizona Historical Society Library/negative no. 8847; Totem Poles Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 4320; Treaties Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 3793-A; Tuscarora Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society; Urban Indians Sipa Press/photo by Catherine Leroy; Wampum Courtesy of the New York State Museum, Albany, New York/negative no. NYSM 37415; Winnemucca, Sarah Nevada Historical Society; Women "Five Generations, Mosquito Springs of Big Mountain, Arizona," from Women of the Native Struggle by Ronnie Farley, New York City; Words That Have Entered English Usage Anne Chalmers/reproduced by permission of Charles L. Cutler from his book O Brave New Words! Native American Loanwords in Current English, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994; Wounded Knee Massacre Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives, Washington, DC/negative no. 47,685-B; Wounded Knee Takeover UPI/Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Wovoka Nevada Historical Society; Zitkala a UPI/Corbis-Bettmann Archive; Zuni Pueblo The Picture Cube/photo by Ernesto Burciaga.