CONTRIBUTORS

Kathryn A. Abbott received her Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1996. Her dissertation is a history of alcohol use among the Anishinaabe Indians of Minnesota. She has also been a contributor to the Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West and the Western Historical Quarterly.

Freda Ahenakew, head of the Department of Native Studies at the University of Manitoba, was born in 1932 on the Atâhk-akoph (Sandy Lake) Reserve in central Saskatchewan, where she grew up with Cree as her first language. She holds an M.A. in Cree linguistics from the University of Manitoba, and is the author-editor of numerous books on Cree language and literature.

S. James Anaya is a professor of law at the University of Iowa, where he specializes in the fields of international law, human rights, and Native American rights. He is the author of Indigenous Peoples in International Law (Oxford University Press). Prior to joining the Iowa law faculty in 1988, he was the staff attorney for the National Indian Youth Council in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A graduate of the University of New Mexico and Harvard Law School, Professor Anaya has Apache and Purépecha ancestry.

Gary Clayton Anderson is a professor of history at the University of Oklahoma. He has written and edited several books on the eastern Sioux, including Kinsmen of Another Kind: Indian-White Relations in the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1650-1862 (1984). His biography of Sitting Bull will appear in 1996, published by Harper Collins. He has been a research fellow at the Newberry Library, Chicago; at the Huntington Library, San Marino, California; and with the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Loyce Reifel Anderson (Brulé Sioux, enrolled at the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota) graduated from South Dakota State University, married Emery G. Anderson, raised three daughters—Lisa K. Moss, Laurie N. Anderson, and Valerie J. Cox—and is currently living in Saratoga, Wyoming.

JoAllyn Archambault (Standing Rock Sioux Tribe), Ph.D., is director of the American Indian Program at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Her research specialties are art, material culture, and Plains Indian history and culture.

Marie Therese Archambault (Hunkpapa Lakota) was born in Fort Yates, North Dakota, on the Standing Rock Reservation. A Franciscan sister, she holds degrees in theology and spirituality, as well as a licentiate in scripture from the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. She recently earned an M.A. in religious studies, with a concentration in Lakota/Catholic expressions.

Shelley A. Arlen, an associate librarian with the University of Florida Libraries, holds degrees from Barnard College and the University of Oklahoma. Her research interests include myth/ritual studies and visual anthropology (notably, historical photographs). Her publications include The Cambridge Ritualists.

William H. Armstrong is the minister of the Burton Congregational Church, United Church of Christ, in Burton, Ohio. Previously he served as associate director of the Peace Corps in Ethiopia and director of the Peace Corps in Swaziland. He has written biographies of David Tannenberg, Ely S. Parker, and Edward Parmelee Smith.

James Axtell is Kenan Professor of Humanities at the College of William and Mary. A graduate of Yale and Cambridge, he is the author of several books on Native American and colonial American history; the most recent is Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America (Oxford University Press, 1992).

Garrick Bailey (Euro-American, Cherokee, and Choctaw) is a professor of anthropology and the director of Native American Studies at the University of Tulsa. His publications include Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology (with James Peoples), A History of the Navajos (with Roberta Glenn Bailey), and The Osage and the Invisible World (in press).

Roberta Glenn Bailey, a historian and an independent scholar and writer, has been involved in ethnohistoric research projects on the Blackfeet, Pawnees, Poncas, and Navajos. Her publications include Historic Navajo Occupation of the Northern Chaco Plateau (with Garrick Bailey) and A History of the Navajos (with Garrick Bailey).

Rebecca Bales is of Choctaw, Cherokee, and Hispanic descent. Her father, Walter H. Bales, was born and raised in Oklahoma; her mother, Julia (Franco) Bales, in Texas. Rebecca received her B.A. from the University of California at Santa Cruz and her M.A. from the University of Colorado at Boulder. She is currently a doctoral candidate at Arizona State University.

Lowell John Bean, anthropologist, is professor emeritus at California State University, Hayward, as well as vice-president of Ballena Press and president of Cultural Systems Research, Inc. He is the author of more than a dozen books, including Mukat's People, a history of the Cahuilla Indians.

Scott Bear Don't Walk, of the Crow, Métis, and Salish and Kootenai peoples, studied philosophy at the University of Montana. As a Rhodes Scholar he studied history at Oxford University. Currently he writes plays and screenplays.

Mary Druke Becker, Ph.D., is a research associate at the Iroquois Indian Museum, Howes Cave, New York. She has written a number of articles about Iroquoian culture; was associate editor of The History and Culture of Iroquois Diplomacy (1985); is preparing a bibliography of recent writing (1991-1995) about Native American history and culture; and is completing a book on mid-eighteenth-century Mohawk and Oneida leadership.

Robert L. Bee is a professor of anthropology at the University of Connecticut. He has studied in the Quechan and Prairie Potawatomi communities and that of federal Indian policymakers in Washington, D.C. He continues his research on tribal governance/development and the interaction between tribes, states, and the federal government.

Manley A. Begay, Jr. (Navajo), is the executive director of the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and the co-executive director of the National Executive Education Program for Native American Leadership. He serves as a member of the board of trustees of the National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C.; of the board of directors of the North American Indian Center of Boston, Inc.; and of the faculty of the Graduate School of Education, Harvard University.

Betty Louise Bell is an assistant professor of English, American culture, and women's studies at the University of Michigan. She is the author of a novel, Faces in the Moon. Currently, she is working on a book on Native American women writers and serves as a coeditor of The Norton Anthology of Native American Literature.

Phil Bellfy is a member of the Crane clan of the White Earth band of Minnesota Chippewas and lives in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Phil is the coauthor (with Judith Dupré) of First Americans (a desk calendar published by Random House) and has earned a Ph.D. in American studies from Michigan State University.

Marilyn Bentz, M.S.W., Ph.D., spent her childhood on the Fort Belknap Reservation in Montana, and was a faculty member at the University of Washington from 1968 to 1994, first in the School of Social Work and later in the Department of Anthropology. She was also the director of the University of Washington's American Indian Studies Program for thirteen years.

Tressa L. Berman is an assistant professor of anthropology at Arizona State University West. She also holds a research appointment in the Anthropology Department of the National Museum of Natural History, where she has implemented repatriation policy. She has published articles in various books and journals, including Cultural Survival Quarterly and American Indian Quarterly. She is currently at work on a book that explores the work and family experience of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara women.

Tim Bernardis is the library director at Little Big Horn College, the Crow tribal college in Montana. The author of Baleeisbaalichiweé (History) Teacher's Guide, he is both adopted and married into Crow families. Tim holds bachelor's degrees from the University of California at Berkeley in history and Native American studies, and an M.Ed. in adult and higher education from Montana State University at Bozeman.

Donald J. Berthrong is professor emeritus at Purdue University. He has written extensively on the history of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma. On a number of occasions he served as a consultant and expert witness on historical or legal issues related to the Cheyenne-Arapahos and other tribes.

Gary Bevington is a professor of linguistics at Northeastern Illinois University and a linguist for tribal languages at NAES College in Chicago. He and his wife, Emily, conduct linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork among the Mayas in Cobá, Mexico. He is the author of Maya for Travelers and Students (University of Texas Press).

Liza E. Black (Oklahoma Cherokee) received her B.A. in history from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in American Indian history at the University of Washington and a Dorothy Danforth-Compton and Ford Foundation fellow.

Kimberly M. Blaeser (Anishinaabe), an enrolled member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, is currently an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Blaeser's book Trailing You won the 1993 Native Writers' Circle Award for Poetry, and her critical study, Gerald Vizenor: Writing—in the Oral Tradition, is forthcoming from the University of Oklahoma Press.

Martha Royce Blaine has taught anthropology and sociology and served as head curator of the Oklahoma State Historical Society and as director of its Archives and Manuscripts Division. She married Garland J. Blaine, head chief of the Pawnees. With his invaluable assistance, she has written about Pawnee history and culture.

A member of a long-time Western family, Peter MacMillan Booth received his bachelor's in history from the University of Texas, his master's in history from the University of Arizona, and is working on his doctorate in history through Purdue University. To complete his dissertation, Peter has moved back to his adopted home of Tucson, Arizona. Peter is currently the assistant education director at the Arizona Historical Society.

Daniel L. Boxberger is a professor of anthropology at Western Washington University, where he has taught since 1983. He is the author of several books and articles, including an ethnohistorical study of Lummi Indian commercial fishing entitled To Fish in Common and a popular textbook, Native North Americans: An Ethnohistorical Approach.

Kathleen J. Bragdon, Ph.D., is an anthropologist with research interests in the Algonquian-speaking peoples of the Northeast. Her publications include Native Writings in Massachusett (with Ives Goddard, 1988) and The Native People of Southern New England 1500-1650 (1996). She is currently an associate professor of anthropology at the College of William and Mary.

Elizabeth A. Brandt is a professor of anthropology and linguistics in the Department of Anthropology at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. She has worked with Apache people since 1978 and also with other tribes in the Southwest. Her major concerns are ethnohistory, language revitalization, and cultural preservation, especially the protection of traditional cultural properties.

James A. Brown, Ph.D., is a professor of anthropology at Northwestern University. He specializes in the prehistory of eastern North America and has excavated at Mound City (Ohio) and conducted research on the Spiro Mounds (Oklahoma) and other ancient earthworks.

John A. Brown was born in Burlington, Washington. He received B.A. and M.A. degrees in history from the University of Washington and went on to teach history at Wenatchee Valley College for thirty years. His publications include a 1989 bibliography of written materials of the Greater Wenatchee area, where he lives. He has coauthored numerous publications with Dr. Robert H. Ruby.

Jon L. Brudvig is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Marquette University. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in history at the College of William and Mary.

Alfred L. Bush, curator of the Princeton Collections of Western Americana, has taught courses on the American Indian in Princeton University's departments of Anthropology, Religion, and American Studies. He is the coauthor of The Photograph and the American Indian, and the publisher of a series of books in Native American languages.

Colin G. Calloway, a British citizen, is an associate professor of history at the University of Wyoming. His publications include The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800 (1990), Dawnland Encounters: Indians and Europeans in Northern New England (1991), and The American Revolution in Indian Country (1995).

Leslie Campbell (Hoopa) is the tribal historian for the Hupa tribe.

Jack Campisi is an associate professor of anthropology at Wellesley College. He holds a Ph.D. in anthropology from SUNY Albany. The author of The Mashpee Indians: Tribe on Trial, he has written numerous articles, coauthored half a dozen books, and done legal work with approximately thirty-five tribes.

Michael Cassity, an administrator and historian at the University of Wyoming, has published several books and numerous articles, including two in the Journal of American History, in American social history. Active in community history, he received the 1993 Wyoming Humanities Award from the Wyoming Council for the Humanities.

Brenda J. Child is an assistant professor in the Department of History at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Child is a member of the Red Lake band of the Chippewa Tribe in northern Minnesota. She has a forthcoming book, A Bitter Lesson: Boarding Schools and American Indian Families, 1890-1940.

Ward Churchill (enrolled Keetoowah Cherokee) is an associate professor of American Indian studies and associate chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder. From 1983 to 1993, he served as codirector of the American Indian Movement of Colorado. He has also served as national spokesperson for the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee, as a delegate for the International Indian Treaty Council, and as vice-chair of the American Indian Anti-Defamation Council. An award-winning writer, he has published a number of books, among them Marxism and Native Americans (1983), Struggle for the Land (1993), and From a Native Son (1996).

Currently the executive vice president of Oklahoma City University, C. B. Clark, a member of the Muskogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma, taught American Indian studies for nearly twenty years in the northern plains and on the West Coast.

A social anthropologist, James A. Clifton is known for his ethnographic and ethnohistorical studies of Indians, mainly tribes of the Great Lakes region. He has published fourteen books and monographs and more than one hundred essays, and has served as expert witness and research consultant in thirteen Indian treaty-rights cases.

George L. Cornell (Sault Ste. Marie Chippewa) is an associate professor of English and history at Michigan State University. He has published works on Great Lakes Indian populations and the influence of American Indians on the rise of modern conservation. He currently serves as a trustee for the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution.

Articles by Charles L. Cutler, an independent scholar, have appeared in American History and American Heritage. Cutler is the author of Connecticut's Revolutionary Press (Pequot Press, 1975) and O Brave New Words! (University of Oklahoma Press, 1994). He is married, with a son and a daughter. His pastimes include judo and collecting dinosaur tracks.

Jere Daniell is a professor of history at Dartmouth College. He specializes in the history of New England, writes mostly about New Hampshire, and gives dozens of public lectures annually on a wide range of regional topics. He has worked closely with Dartmouth's Native American Studies Program since its inception.

Dorothy W. Davids, a retired educator (elementary through university), chairs the Stockbridge-Munsee (Mohican) Historical Committee. Long active in national, state, and local organizations, she is currently elder adviser to the Indigenous Women's Network and is a multicultural consultant specializing in women's and indigenous issues. She now resides on the Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation in Wisconsin.

Lee Davis is an anthropologist who has lived and worked with the Hupa Indian people of California for twenty years and is currently the assistant director for Cultural Resources at the National Museum of the American Indian. She has written over twenty publications on Native American worldview, ethnogeography, and precontact mapping.

Denys Delâge is chair of the Department of Sociology at Laval University in Quebec City, where he teaches North American Indian history. Most of his writings deal with Indian-white relations in New France and in British North America.

Philip J. Deloria is a member of a prominent Lakota family. He completed a Ph.D. in American studies at Yale University and is a member of the history faculty at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Deloria is a coauthor of The Native Americans (Turner, 1993).

Adolph Lorenz Dial, Ph.D., is professor emeritus at Pembroke State University, where he also serves on the board of trustees. Dial has published two books on Lumbee history, Lumbee (Chelsea House, 1993) and, with David Eliades, The Only Land I Know (Indian Historian Press, 1975). A former state legislator, he has published numerous articles on Lumbee Indians and is recognized as a Lumbee leader in education, business, and politics.

Olive Patricia Dickason, professor emeritus at the University of Alberta, is of Métis ancestry. She is the author of Canada's First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times (1992), which was awarded the Sir John A. Macdonald prize by the Canadian Historical Association. Several of her works have appeared in French.

Henry F. Dobyns has taught anthropology at Prescott College, Cornell University, and the universities of Kentucky, Wisconsin-Parkside, Florida, and Oklahoma. He is the author of thirteen books and coauthor of twenty-three books and sixty-three scholarly journal articles reporting research in Peru, Mexico, and the United States.

R. David Edmunds (Cherokee), a professor of history at Indiana University, is the author of seven books and over sixty articles. He has served as the acting director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian, Newberry Library, and currently holds a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Anya Dozier Enos is a member of Santa Clara Pueblo, where she lives with her husband, Terry, and their children, Lisa and Pasquala. Ms. Enos is a teacher, a Ph.D. candidate, and a writer whose poetry has appeared in several magazines nationwide.

Suzanne E. Evans is a doctoral candidate at the University of California at Berkeley. She received a B.A. in history from the University of California at Los Angeles and a J.D. from Western State University College of Law, where she was the lead-articles editor and book-review editor for the law review.

John Fahey, professor emeritus at Eastern Washington University, writes on the inland Pacific Northwest. His books include historical accounts of the Flathead and Kalispel tribes.

Brenda Farnell is a sociocultural anthropologist at the University of Iowa. Her teachers of Plains Sign Talk and spoken Assiniboine were elders of the Fort Belknap community, Montana; especially helpful to her were James Earthboy and Rose Weasel. Her special interests include dance and other forms of expressive culture, as well as language revitalization.

Phoebe Farris-Dufrene (Powhatan), Ph.D., is an associate professor of art and design at Purdue University. As the recipient of a Fulbright grant to Mexico, a Midwestern Universities Consortium International Association grant to Brazil, and two Purdue travel grants to Cuba, Farris-Dufrene has established an international reputation in art disciplines. She is the coauthor of two books, Art Therapy and Psychotherapy: Blending Two Therapeutic Approaches and Portfolios: Native American Artists.

J. Frederick Fausz is dean of the Pierre Laclede Honors College in Saint Louis. He earned his Ph.D. in history, Phi Beta Kappa, from the College of William and Mary and has researched European-Indian relations, from the seventeenth-century Chesapeake wars to the nineteenth-century Missouri fur trades.

Christian F. Feest received his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Vienna in 1969 and was curator of the North and Middle American collections of the Museum of Ethnology in Vienna from 1963 to 1993. He is now a professor of anthropology at the University of Frankfurt.

Jennifer W. Felmley is a political-science graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley. Her dissertation work is on tribal governments, including aspects of decision-making, participation, and local control. In 1993 and 1994, she was the tribal energy policy and science fellow for the Council of Energy Resources.

Donald L. Fixico (Sac and Fox, Shawnee, Creek, and Seminole) is a professor of history at Western Michigan University at Kalamazoo. He has been a visiting lecturer/professor at the University of California at Berkeley, UCLA, San Diego State University, and the University of Nottingham. He has written Termination and Relocation: Federal Indian Policy, 1945-1960 and Urban Indians, and edited An Anthology of Western Great Lakes Indians.

Raymond D. Fogelson is a professor of anthropology and psychology (human development) at the University of Chicago. He specializes in the study of Southeastern Indians and has done fieldwork with Cherokees and Creeks.

Catherine S. Fowler is a professor of anthropology at the University of Nevada at Reno. Her special interests are in the cultures and languages of the native peoples of the Great Basin. These have led her into Uto-Aztecan (particularly Northern Paiute) historical and comparative studies, museum studies, and major emphases in descriptive and theoretical aspects of ethnobiology.

Loretta Fowler is a professor of anthropology at Indiana University. Her book Arapahoe Politics, 1851-1978 won the American Society for Ethnohistory's Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin Prize for 1982. She has also published Shared Symbols, Contested Meanings: Gros Ventre Culture and History, 1778-1984, The Arapaho, and several articles in professional journals.

S. Verna Fowler (Menominee) is president and founder of the College of the Menominee Nation, co-owner of Wolf River Trading Post, and a founder of Sisters of a New Genesis, a Catholic religious order. She received her Ph.D. in education administration from the University of North Dakota.

Kenny A. Franks received his Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University and is the director of education and publications for the Oklahoma Heritage Association. The winner of several national awards, he has written, cowritten, or contributed to twenty-nine books and is the author of numerous articles and book reviews that have appeared in twenty-seven different historical journals.

Theodore R. Frisbie, against family wishes, left his Connecticut home in 1958 to study anthropology at the University of New Mexico (B.A., 1963; M.A., 1967). He continued his specialization in Pueblo ethnology and archaeology at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. After receiving his doctorate there in 1971, he took a professorial position at the sister campus in Edwardsville, where he continues to teach and direct the Anthropology Teaching Museum. He has received numerous grants and authored over fifty publications.

George Frison is a professor of anthropology at the University of Wyoming. He has published eight books and numerous articles on Great Plains prehistory. His interests include Plains Paleo-Indians, prehistoric large-mammal hunting, and prehistoric high-altitude cultural adaptations. He was a Wyoming rancher before beginning academic studies at age thirty-seven.

Louis Garcia is a carpentry instructor with the Fort Berthold Community College, New Town, North Dakota. He became interested in the Native Americans as a Boy Scout at age eleven in New York City. His main fields of interest are the Grass Dance and American Indian place names. He is an avid powwow dancer, singer, and craftsman. His wife of twenty-five years, Hilda Redfox, is a member of the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe. Mr. Garcia has over a dozen articles to his credit, published mostly in Whispering Wind Magazine. In 1976, Mr. Garcia was appointed honorary historian for the Devils Lake Sioux Tribe.

Jeannine Gendar is the managing editor of News from Native California, a quarterly magazine devoted to California Indian history and ongoing culture, and is the author of Grass Games and Moon Races (Heyday Books, 1995), a book about California Indian games and toys.

David L. Ghere is an assistant professor of history in the General College at the University of Minnesota. He has received an M.Ed. from the University of Illinois, a Ph.D. in history from the University of Maine, and a predoctoral fellowship at the Newberry Library.

Warren Goldstein is the author of Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball (Cornell University Press, 1989) and coauthor of A Brief History of American Sports (Hill and Wang, 1993). He teaches American studies at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury.

Michael D. Green teaches Native American history at the University of Kentucky. His research and publications have dealt with the history of the Creeks, and he is currently working on a book about their adjustment to Indian Territory after removal. With Theda Perdue, he has also written a book on Cherokee removal.

Bernice Forrest Guillaume was born in Chicago in 1950. She received a Ph.D. in U.S. history from Tulane University, and her honors include the Newberry Library, NEH, and Fulbright-Hays awards. Guillaume, who compiled and edited The Collected Works of Olivia Ward Bush-Banks (Oxford University Press, 1991), is a maternal great-granddaughter of Olivia Bush-Banks, a Montauk tribal historian and author possessing Poosepatuck and African-American heritages. Guillaume is currently completing a Poosepatuck ethnohistory.

Helen Crippen Brown Gumbs (Princess Starleaf) is a blood member and tribal historian of the Shinnecock Tribe. She is the twelfth descendant of Chief Wyandanch (Montauk) and Chief Nowedonah (Shinnecock). She received a B.A. in history and education from Southampton College and paralegal training at Antioch School of Law, Washington, D.C. A retired schoolteacher, she is now a lecturer and consultant on Native American affairs.

P. Jane Hafen (Taos Pueblo) is an assistant professor of English at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. She received a Frances C. Allen Fellowship from the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library in Chicago.

William T. Hagan is the author of six books, the best known of which is American Indians, a brief survey and one of the first of its genre. A past president of the American Society for Ethnohistory and of the Western History Association, in 1989 he was the recipient of the Western History Association Prize.

Otis Halfmoon is a full-blood member of the Nez Perce Tribe. His family bloodline includes participants in the Nez Perce campaign of 1877. He is currently employed by the National Park Service and has worked for the Nez Perce Tribe in various capacities.

For thirty years, George R. Hamell has had an interest in Iroquois myth, ritual, and material culture. Its seeds were planted in boyhood and nurtured by a sense of place: the Genesee Valley region—the historic homeland of the Seneca Iroquois. This interest has since been transformed into a series of professions: senior museum exhibits planner in anthropology at the New York State Museum (since 1981); curator of anthropology at the Rochester Museum and Science Center (1974-1980); and interpretive naturalist for the Monroe County Parks Department (1962-1969).

Carol Hampton (Caddo) is currently field officer for congregational ministries for the Episcopal Church, with responsibility for multicultural ministry. She serves on the Heritage and Culture Committee for the Caddo Nation and previously served as councilwoman. She received her doctorate in history from the University of Oklahoma.

Suzan Shown Harjo (Cheyenne and Hodulgee Muscogee) is president of the Morning Star Institute in Washington, D.C. Poet, writer, lecturer, and curator, she also has developed federal Indian policy in areas including religious/cultural rights, repatriation, land protection, and the establishment of the National Museum of the American Indian, which she serves as a founding trustee.

After graduating from Yale Law School, Alexandra Harmon worked for sixteen years for Indian tribes in Washington State. A desire to explain her clients' histories outside the adversary system prompted her to enter the University of Washington, where she earned a Ph.D. in 1995.

Howard L. Harrod became interested in Native Americans during his childhood in Oklahoma. After earning his Ph.D. at Yale University, he taught in the areas of sociology of religion and Native American religions. He is the author of three books on Native American religions and teaches at Vanderbilt University.

Samuel C. Hart is currently a member of the Koinonia Mennonite Church, Clinton, Oklahoma, and is a past employee of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma. He belongs to the Elk Horn Society, of which his daughter Statia and son David are also members, and is active in community affairs of the Cheyennes in Oklahoma. He is also a member of the State of Oklahoma Planning Council for Developmental Disabilities.

Gretchen Harvey is writing a biography of Ruth Muskrat Bronson. It builds upon her doctoral dissertation, entitled "Cherokee and American: Ruth Muskrat Bronson, 1897-1982." She lives in Fargo, North Dakota, where she teaches American Indian history at North Dakota State University.

Laurence M. Hauptman is a professor of history at SUNY College at New Paltz, where he has taught for a quarter of a century. He is the author, editor, or coeditor of ten books on the American Indian history of the Northeast. In 1987 he received the Peter Doctor Memorial Award from the Iroquois for his research and writing on American Indians. In 1990 he served as the expert witness for congressional committees attempting to resolve the Seneca Nation-Salamanca lease controversy, testifying before both houses of Congress.

William Hawk's ancestors, the Matinnecocks of the Smithtown area of Long Island, were known as Nissequogues. He is currently an associate professor of anthropology at Eastern New Mexico University. He also serves as faith keeper for the Matinnecock people.

Suzanne Heck is an assistant professor of mass communication at Central Missouri State University. A descendant of the Sac and Fox of the Missouri, she is researching the tribe's history as part of her doctoral work in American studies at the University of Kansas.

Joseph B. Herring has held various governmental positions, serving stints with the navy, the U.S. Postal Service, the National Archives, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. A native of Washington, D.C., Herring attended colleges in Maryland and Texas, earning a Ph.D. in history at Texas Christian University.

Kathleen Shaye Hill, an enrolled member of the Klamath Tribes, was responsible for the archival research and writing for the Klamath restoration effort and has served in tribal government. She earned a law degree in 1994 and an advanced law degree in 1995. She has published both fiction and nonfiction.

Curtis M. Hinsley is the author of The Smithsonian and the American Indian: Making a Moral Anthropology in Victorian America (1994) and, with Melissa Banta, From Site to Sight: Anthropology, Photography, and the Power of Imagery (1986). With David R. Wilcox, of the Museum of Northern Arizona, he is currently at work on a multivolume history of the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition (1886-89). Professor Hinsley lives and works in Flagstaff, Arizona.

Michael Hittman received his Ph.D. from the University of New Mexico. He considers his ethnohistorical studies of the Yerington Paiute Tribe and the body of fiction he has produced so far to be his life's work. He won the Society for Humanistic Anthropology Award for Best Short Story in 1990 and was a recent Newberry Center scholar.

Tom Holm (Cherokee/Creek) was born and educated in Oklahoma. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Oklahoma and has been a faculty member at the University of Arizona since 1980. A Vietnam veteran himself, he has recently completed a book on Indian veterans entitled Strong Hearts, Wounded Souls.

Jonathan B. Hook is a member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. He has traveled from Nicaragua to South Africa to the former Soviet Union. A member of the Alabama-Coushatta Powwow Association, he enjoys golf, camping, and singing. His research interests include ethnic studies, cross-cultural athletics, and Nicaraguan Indians.

Joseph D. Horse Capture (A'ani') is a member of the White Clay Society. He worked on Visions of the People, an exhibition of Plains Indian pictorial art at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, and has been published in American Indian Art Magazine. He is currently finishing his B.A. at Montana State University in Bozeman. As a recipient of the Honors Program's Presidential Scholarship, he is pursuing a master's degree in American history and hopes to enter the museum field.

N. Jill Howard is an instructor at Taylor University and a research assistant at the Center for the American West at the University of New Mexico. She has compiled Native Americans of the Southwest: The Navajos, the Apaches, and the Pueblos: A Selective Bibliography and is coeditor, with Richard W. Etulain, of A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of Western American Literature.

Frederick E. Hoxie received his B.A. from Amherst College and his Ph.D. in history from Brandeis University. He has taught Native American history at Antioch College and Northwestern University. He has written A Final Promise: The Campaign to Assimilate the Indians, 1880-1920 (1984) and Parading through History: The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935 (1995) and edited With the Nez Perces (1981), Indians in American History: An Introduction (1988), and Discovering America (1994).

John Hunt, stepson of John Joseph Mathews, is a novelist who makes his home in the south of France.

R. Douglas Hurt is the editor of Agricultural History and a professor and the director of the Graduate Program in Agricultural History and Rural Studies at Iowa State University.

Lee Irwin is the director of the Religious Studies Program in the Philosophy and Religion Department at the College of Charleston. He holds an interdisciplinary Ph.D. from Indiana University and has attended ceremonies and social events among the Lakotas, Absarokees, Wind River Shoshones, and Oklahoma Cherokees. He is part Mohawk-Delaware.

Peter Iverson is a professor of history at Arizona State University. His interest in Indian history began with his grandfather's stories and developed through his teaching at Navajo Community College and his association with native individuals and communities. He has written or edited seven books, including, most recently, When Indians Became Cowboys.

LaVerne Masayesva Jeanne, a Hopi, received her Ph.D. in linguistics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is currently an associate professor in the Anthropology Department at the University of Nevada. She resides in Reno with a daughter, Juliette; a son, Po'kyaya; and her husband, Richard.

A writer, folklorist, anthropologist, environmentalist, and award-winning poet of coastal/island Gabrielino/Luiseño descent, Louise V. Jeffredo-Warden is completing her doctorate in anthropology at Stanford University. Her graduate work has focused on creating, with the late Luiseño elder Villiana Hyde, an extensive archive and dictionary for the Luiseño community. Ms. Jeffredo-Warden is a member of the Temecula/Pechanga band of Luiseños.

Francis Jennings teaches at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The title of his first book, The Invasion of America, has been generally adopted in place of the former "settling of America." His most recent revisionist book is a general synthesis of American Indian history called The Founders of America.

Rex Lee Jim, a Navajo educator, lives in Rock Point, Arizona. He is a poet and playwright. Most of his writing and publication is in the Navajo language. He travels frequently to lecture on his writings and Navajo-related materials in philosophy, literature, history, and culture. Currently he works for Navajo Community College in Tsaile, Arizona, doing what he loves most: working with young Navajo people.

Jennie R. Joe, Ph.D., M.P.H., is a medical anthropologist and a member of the Navaho Nation. She is currently an associate professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Arizona, where she serves as the director of the Native American Research and Training Center, an organization involved in health-related research projects with Indian tribes throughout the United States.

Patrick Johnson, director of Mi'kmaq Student Services at the University College of Cape Breton, is a member of the Mi'kmaq Nation of Nova Scotia. Mr. Johnson graduated with an honors B.A. in 1990, majoring in Mi'kmaq studies, political science, and English. His goal in life is to promote Mi'kmaq language, culture, and traditions.

Ted Jojola is an associate professor at the University of New Mexico, where he is director of Native American Studies and acting director of the Masters Program in Community and Regional Planning. He is a lifelong resident and enrolled member of the pueblo of Isleta. His current work encompasses the role of identity in tribal community development.

Joseph G. Jorgensen, a professor of anthropology at the University of California at Irvine and a native of Utah, was an employee of the Northern Ute Tribe in eastern Utah in the early 1960s. His interest in Ute political economic history, culture, and language grew during that experience and prompted him to pursue a Ph.D., his research for which focused on the Utes.

Alvin M. Josephy, Jr., has written more than a dozen well-known books on American Indians, including The Patriot Chiefs, The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest, The Indian Heritage of America, Now That the Buffalo's Gone, and 500 Nations. A former associate editor of Time and editor in chief of American Heritage, he has also been active for more than forty years in supporting Indians in their struggles for self-determination, treaty rights, and sovereignty.

Thomas W. Kavanagh, Ph.D., is curator of collections at the William Hammond Mathers Museum, Indiana University. His recent work has focused on Comanche ethnohistory and politics. He has served as director of the Hopi Tricentennial Project at the Hopi Cultural Center Museum, and as contractor for several projects at the Smithsonian Institution.

Clara Sue Kidwell (Choctaw/Chippewa) is assistant director of Cultural Resources at the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., and professor of Native American studies at the University of California at Berkeley. She has published articles on Choctaw history, Indian women, and Indian science and medicine.

Cecil King, Ph.D., an Odawa scholar, has researched his people's story for over twenty years. He is fluent in Ojibwa and interviews elders and translates hitherto untranslated historical texts from Ojibwa to enhance the contemporary understanding of the Odawa people.

Duane King is executive director of the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles, and former assistant director of the National Museum of the American Indian. He has worked at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, the Cherokee National Historical Society, and the Middle Oregon Indian Historical Society, and taught at Western Carolina University, Northeastern State University, and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville/Chattanooga.

Darrell Robes Kipp is the great grandson of Chief Heavy Runner, leader of the band of Blackfeet slain during Baker's Massacre in 1870. His Blackfoot name is Morning Eagle. Kipp researches the Blackfoot language full-time, and is the founder of the Piegan Institute, located in Browning, Montana.

Benjamin R. Kracht received his Ph.D. in anthropology at Southern Methodist University. He currently teaches anthropology and Native American studies at Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and is writing an ethnohistory of Kiowa belief systems. Kracht resides in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, with his wife, Kelly, and their daughter, Elena, and son, Robbie.

Paul V. Kroskrity is currently a professor of anthropology at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he has served as chair of the Interdepartmental Program in American Indian Studies since 1985. Since earning his doctoral degree in anthropology from Indiana University, he has conducted long-term ethnolinguistic research with both the Arizona Tewas and the Western Monos of Central California.

Rebecca Kugel teaches Native American history at the University of California at Riverside. She did her undergraduate work at the University of Iowa and her graduate work at UCLA. Her research explores the political strategies pursued by nineteenth-century Minnesota Ojibwas to retain their autonomy when faced with Euro-American domination.

Edmund J. Ladd is a Shiwi (Zuni). Educated on the Zuni Reservation, he served in the armed forces during World War II and earned his degree in anthropology from the University of New Mexico. He retired from the National Park Service in 1984 and returned to New Mexico. He is active in the federal repatriation program (NAGPRA). He and his wife, Delphine, reside in Santa Fe.

Howard R. Lamar, Sterling Professor of History at Yale University, has devoted his career to teaching and writing about the American West. He is the general editor of The Reader's Encyclopedia of the American West and the author of The Far Southwest, 1846-1912: A Territorial History, Dakota Territory, 1861-1889, Texas Crossings, and many articles, and has contributed to many edited works.

David Landy is an adjunct professor of anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington; emeritus professor and former departmental chair at the University of Massachusetts at Boston; and professor in the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh. His publications include Tropical Childhood: Culture, Disease, and Healing and Halfway House, along with numerous journal articles.

Adrian LeCornu (Haida) is the former president of Hydaburg Cooperative Association Tribal Council, a former city administrator for Hydaburg, Alaska, and a Vietnam veteran. He currently works for Shaanseet Inc., an Alaskan Native corporation.

Victoria Lindsay Levine is an associate professor at Colorado College, where she teaches ethnomusicology and Southwest studies. As a specialist in American Indian music, she has coauthored a book on Choctaw music and dance and has published several articles on Choctaw and other American Indian musical cultures.

Jerrold E. Levy received a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Chicago. He worked on the Navajo reservation from 1959 to 1964 as an anthropologist with the Indian Health Service, and has been a professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona since 1972.

Daniel F. Littlefield, Jr., is an internationally recognized scholar in American Indian studies. He is a professor of American literature and director of the American Native Press Archives at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.

Hartman H. Lomawaima, associate director of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, traces his interest in museums to his days as a graduate student at Harvard. Hartman is Hopi, from the village of Sipaulovi, on Second Mesa, Arizona. In addition to his career as an administrator, he has worked in the area of Native American material-culture studies. He has written and presented papers on the subject and has developed and consulted on many museum exhibits throughout the United States.

Karen D. Lone Hill, an enrolled member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe, resides in Porcupine, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, with her daughter, Kimberly Dawn Wilson.

Karen is chair of the Lakota Studies Department at Oglala Lakota College. She has coauthored Pine Ridge Reservation: Yesterday and Today (1992), contributed an article, "Anpetu Otanin Win and Mni Aku Win," to Portraits of Ft. Phil Kearney (1993), and written a student text, Lakota Language I (1989). Karen's source of inspiration is her people, the Lakota Oyate, and their struggle and need to tell their history.

Bonnie Lynn-Sherow is currently an instructor in the Department of History at Kansas State University and is finishing a dissertation in environmental history for Northwestern University. She holds a B.A. in history from the University of Windsor in Ontario, Canada, and received a master's degree in American Indian history from Purdue University in 1990. Her dissertation research is a cross-cultural study of Indians, blacks, and whites in Oklahoma at the turn of the century.

Peter C. Mancall, an associate professor of history at the University of Kansas, received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1986. He is the author of Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America (1995) and Valley of Opportunity: Economic Culture along the Upper Susquehanna, 1700-1800 (1991), and the editor of Envisioning America: English Plans for the Colonization of North America, 1580-1640 (1995).

Daniel Mandell, Ph.D., is senior lecturer of history at Suffolk University, Boston, and has taught at the University of Georgia and DePauw University. He has published several articles on Indians in eighteenth-century Massachusetts, and his book on that topic will be published in 1996 by the University of Nebraska Press. Mandell is now researching Indians in nineteenth-century southern New England.

Helen Vanderhoop Manning, a member of the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head/Aquinnah, received an M.A. from New York University in 1952. She has worked as an elementary school teacher and is currently the education director of the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head/Aquinnah, in Gay Head, Massachusetts. She has served on the Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, was awarded a fellowship at the Newberry Library in 1984, and since 1986 has headed the Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs.

Brenda Manuelito (Navajo) is of the Towering House clan born for the Salt clan. A former assistant director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian, she is a doctoral candidate in anthropology at the University of New Mexico and has received fellowships from the Smithsonian Institution and the Wenner-Gren Foundation.

Harvey Markowitz is associate director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center, head librarian of Native American Educational Services in Chicago, and a doctoral candidate at the University of Chicago. He recently served as the consulting editor for Ready Reference: American Indians.

Joseph M. Marshall III (Sicangu Lakota) was born and raised on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation. He speaks Lakota and handcrafts primitive Lakota bows and arrows. Currently a freelance writer, he has published Soldiers Falling into Camp, Winter of the Holy Iron, and On Behalf of the Wolf and the First Peoples.

Sally McBeth, a native of Detroit, Michigan, currently resides in Colorado and teaches anthropology and multicultural studies at the University of Northern Colorado. She is the author of Ethnic Identity and the Boarding School Experience (1983) and is currently working with Esther Burnett Horne on a life history of Horne, a Shoshone educator and historian who is a descendent of Sacagawea.

Michael N. McConnell is an associate professor of history at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. He is the author of A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774 and essays on the early history of the Ohio Valley.

Born in 1952 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Kenneth W. McIntosh, Ph.D., is a member of the Muskogee Nation. He is the son of Chinnubbie McIntosh (Hacoce) and Nancy Fortner. His grandfather, W. E. Dode McIntosh (Tustenuggee Micco), was principal chief of the Creek Nation from 1961 to 1971. In addition to an M.A. and Ph.D. in American history, he also holds an M.Div. from Brite Divinity School. He is married to Eulaine King; they have two sons.

Thelma Cornelius McLester, an enrolled Oneida of the Turtle clan in Wisconsin, is an Oneida singer and speaker, and a lecturer on Oneida history. Her essay on Oneida women leaders appeared in Oneida Indian Experience: Two Perspectives, and she has published articles on Oneida history in Voyageur magazine and Museletter. She is a member of the board of regents of Haskell Indian Nations University.

Beatrice Medicine (Lakota) has a Ph.D. in anthropology and is an emerita associate professor at California State University in Northridge. She lives near Wakpala, South Dakota, on the Standing Rock Reservation.

James H. Merrell teaches history at Vassar College. He has held fellowships from the Newberry Library, the Institute of Early American History and Culture, and the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. His book, The Indians' New World, won the Bancroft Prize, the Frederick Jackson Turner Award, and the Merle Curti Award.

Melinda Micco (Seminole/Creek/Choctaw) is an assistant professor and the chair of the Ethnic Studies Department at Mills College. She received her Ph.D. in ethnic studies from the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests are black and Indian communities. She has served as consultant to the Seminole Nation and to the attorney for the Seminole Freedmen.

Christopher L. Miller is an associate professor in the Department of History at the University of Texas, Pan American. His most prominent publications include Prophetic Worlds: Indians and Whites on the Columbia Plateau 1985) and, as coauthor, Making America: A History of the United States (1995).

David Reed Miller, Ph.D., is a professor of Indian studies at Saskatchewan Indian Federated College-University of Regina. Trained as both an anthropologist and a historian, Miller is a former dean of instruction at Fort Peck Community College and associate director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library.

Jay Miller (Lenape) has worked as a linguist, anthropologist, ethnohistorian, and expert witness, and is the author of over thirty articles, twenty chapters, ten edited collections, and five books. His research topics have included New Mexican Pueblos, British Columbia Tsimshians, Washington State Salishans, Nevada Numics, Ontario Ojibwas, Wisconsin Menominees, and, in Oklahoma, Delawares, Caddos, and Creeks.

Marianne Mithun is a professor of linguistics at the University of California at Santa Barbara. She is a specialist in North American Indian languages, particularly Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora, Central Pomo, and Barbareño Chumash. She is currently completing The Native Languages of North America, to be published by Cambridge University Press.

John C. Mohawk (Seneca), Ph.D., is former editor of Akwesasne Notes (1976-1983) and currently edits Daybreak magazine. He is an assistant professor of American studies at the State University of New York at Buffalo.

Richard Monette currently teaches at the University of Wisconsin Law School. Prior to that he was staff attorney for the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. He also spent a year in Washington, D.C., as the director of the Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior. Professor Monette grew up on the reservation of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, where he is an enrolled member.

Ted Montour is a writer and consultant from the Six Nations of the Grand River Territory in Southern Ontario. Of Delaware, Mohawk, and Oneida extraction, he is a descendant of Joseph Brant, Mohawk war chief of the Iroquois Confederacy. Mr. Montour gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the staff of the Woodland Cultural Centre in Brantford, Ontario.

John Hartwell Moore, chair of the Anthropology Department at the University of Florida, has done extensive fieldwork among the Plains Indians since receiving his doctorate from New York University in 1974. His publications include The Cheyenne Nation and Political Economy of North American Indians.

In spite of attending college in the heart of Cherokee country, Gary E. Moulton did not become interested in Cherokee history at that time. Eventually, he wrote a biography of Chief John Ross, then edited his papers. He is now the editor of the Lewis and Clark journals.

Larry G. Murray, a member of the Eastern Shoshone Tribe, resides on the Wind River Reservation. He earned his master's degree from Chadron State College and did postgraduate work at the University of Wyoming. He is a member of the Wyoming Indian Affairs Council and is the director of economic development for his tribe. His publications include "The Wind River Reservation: Yesterday and Today."

Peter Nabokov is an assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. His books include a collection of Indian narratives on Indian and white relations, entitled Native American Testimony: From Prophecy to the Present, 1492-1992 (1992), Native American Architecture (with Robert Easton; 1989), Indian Running (1987), and Two Leggings: The Making of a Crow Warrior (1967). Currently he is conducting research into the sacred geographies of various American Indian groups.

June Namias is an associate professor of history at the University of Alaska at Anchorage. Her books include White Captives: Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier (1993) and an edition of James E. Seaver's A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison [1824] (1992). Her annotated edition of Sarah F. Wakefield's Six Weeks in the Sioux Tepees [1864] is forthcoming.

Lloyd Kiva New (Cherokee) received a B.A.E. from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and did graduate work in arts management at Harvard University. He is an artist, arts educator, fabric/fashion designer, and entrepreneur, and also serves as president emeritus of the Institute of American Indian Arts and as chairman of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board.

John D. Nichols is a graduate of Hamilton College and holds a Ph.D. in linguistics from Harvard. He first studied the Ojibwa language with Maude Kegg (Naawakamigookwe) and other elders of the Mille Lacs band of Ojibwas in Minnesota, and has since studied many other varieties of that language and other Algonquian languages. The editor of several volumes of transcriptions of Ojibwa oral literature and Ojibwa language dictionaries, he is a professor of native studies and linguistics at the University of Manitoba.

Roger L. Nichols, a professor of history at the University of Arizona, has also taught at Wisconsin State University and the universities of Georgia and Maryland. His books examine frontier and Indian issues; in 1992 he won the Benjamin Shambaugh Award for Black Hawk and the Warrior's Path.

Sharon L. O'Brien teaches at the University of Notre Dame. She is the author of American Indian Tribal Governments, published by the University of Oklahoma Press, and other works concerning the status and rights of tribal governments and Indian people. She and her husband, Donald Fixico, have one son.

Barry O'Connell first taught in an elementary school in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Since then he has taught in public housing projects, libraries, prisons, high schools, colleges, and universities, here and abroad. He is currently a professor of English at Amherst College. His scholarly interests focus on the history and culture of the many peoples who have, in conflict as well as in common, shaped the United States.

Barney Old Coyote is an enrolled member of the Crow Tribe. He was educated in Montana, Kansas, and Iowa. He served on the Crow Culture Committee, was the director (and founder) of Indian Studies, Montana State University, and was the principal spokesman for the American Indian Religious Freedom Act.

James C. Olson is president emeritus of the University of Missouri. Before joining Missouri, he taught history and held various administrative posts at the University of Nebraska. He has written a number of books and articles about higher education, Nebraska, and the West, some of them with Vera Farrington Olson.

Beverly R. Ortiz, a Ph.D. candidate in anthropology at the University of California at Berkeley, is an ethnographic consultant, skills and technology columnist for News from Native California, and park naturalist. She has published one book and more than seventy-five articles about California Indians. She is currently writing a life history of the Pomo/Miwok elder Milton Lucas.

Linda E. Oxendine, a Lumbee, is associate professor and chair of the American Indian Studies Department at Pembroke State University. She received her Ph.D. in American studies, with a concentration in American Indian studies, from the University of Minnesota. During her twenty-five-year tenure in Indian affairs she has worked in several educational and cultural positions at both tribal and national levels.

Donald L. Parman holds degrees from Central Missouri State University, Ohio University, and the University of Oklahoma. Since 1966 he has taught at Purdue University. He has published Navajos and the New Deal, Indians and the American West in the Twentieth Century, and numerous articles and book chapters.

Steve Pavlik is now in his twentieth year as a teacher of American history and American Indian studies at Chinle High School on the Navajo Reservation in Arizona. He holds a master's degree in American Indian studies from the University of Arizona, has published over twenty papers, and has spoken extensively throughout the United States and Canada on Native American topics and issues.

David H. Pentland teaches linguistics and anthropology at the University of Manitoba, and writes on a variety of topics concerning the Algonquian languages. A graduate of the universities of Manitoba (B.A.) and Toronto (M.A., Ph.D.), he began his research on Cree and related languages in 1969.

Theda Perdue is a professor of history at the University of Kentucky. She is the author of Slavery and the Evolution of Cherokee Society, Native Carolinians, and The Cherokee. She is editor of Nations Remembered and Cherokee Editor. Most recently, she coedited The Cherokee Removal with her husband, the historian Michael D. Green.

Jacqueline Peterson teaches history and Native American studies at Washington State University at Vancouver. She has published extensively on the Métis, Indians of the Great Lakes and the plateau, and has authored a catalog and scripted several award-winning video productions associated with a five thousand-square-foot traveling museum exhibition titled "Sacred Encounters: Father De Smet and the Indians of the Rocky Mountain West," which she directed and curated. She lives in Portland, Oregon.

Mardell Hogan Plainfeather (Big Lodge Clan Crow) is retired from the National Park Service, where she was chief ranger at the Fort Smith Historic Site in Fort Smith, Alabama. The grandmother of three, she lives with her husband in Sallisaw, Oklahoma, and does consultations and presentations about historic sites and Native American history.

William K. Powers is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University. He is the author of fifteen books on American Indians, including the popular Oglala Religion (1977) and Yuwipi: Vision and Experience in Oglala Ritual (1982). He began studying Lakota language and culture in 1948, and was adopted by Frank Afraid of Horse in 1950.

Gordon L. Pullar, a Kodiak Island Sugpiaq, is the director of the Alaska Native Human Resource Development Program at the University of Alaska, the past president of the Kodiak Area Native Association, and the current national president of Keepers of the Treasures: Cultural Council of American Indians, Alaska Natives and Native Hawaiians.

Steward Rafert has worked with the Indiana Miami tribe for many years as a consultant on federal recognition. He has written a book on the tribe to be published by the Indiana Historical Society. He and his wife and daughters Samara, Kyla, and Jesse live in Newark, Delaware.

Daniel K. Richter teaches history and American studies at Dickinson College. He is author of The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (1992) and the coeditor, with James H. Merrell, of Beyond the Covenant Chain: The Iroquois and Their Neighbors in Indian North America, 1600-1800 (1987).

James Riding In (Pawnee) is an assistant professor of justice studies at Arizona State University. A historian by training, he has focused his research on the relationship between Indians and whites, particularly in the areas of repatriation, federal policy, and cultural survival. He teaches courses on social and Indian (in)justice.

David Risling (Hupa), senior lecturer emeritus at the University of California at Davis and interim president of D-Q University, Davis, is cofounder and former board chairman of the California Indian Education Association, California Indian Legal Services, the Native American Rights Fund, and D-Q University. He has received numerous awards, including one recognizing him as California's Outstanding Indian Educator.

Paul M. Robertson holds a Ph.D. in cultural anthropology and is currently an instructor at Oglala Lakota College, a tribal college on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. He and his wife, Eileen H. Iron Cloud, are active in the reservation community, having worked on issues ranging from family violence to land reform.

Robert A. Roessel, Jr., has lived and worked on the Navajo Reservation for forty-four years. He was the founding father of the Rough Rock Demonstration School. He was the founding father and first president of Navajo Community College. He has been a school superintendent and administrator, and teaches in public, BIA, and contract schools.

J. Daniel Rogers, curator of anthropology and head of the Division of Archaeology at the National Museum of Natural History, received B.A. and M.A. degrees in anthropology from the University of Oklahoma and a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Chicago. He has worked in archaeology for nineteen years, specializing in the prehistory and early history of the North American Great Plains and Southeast. His most recent books include Objects of Change (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990) and Ethnohistory and Archaeology: Approaches to Post-Contact Change in the Americas (coedited with Samuel M. Wilson; Plenum Press, 1993).

Willard Hughes Rollings, part Choctaw, is married to the graphic artist Barbara Williams-Rollings. An associate professor of history at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas, he has written The Osages and The Comanche. Rollings was a Newberry Library Fellow and won a Fulbright to New Zealand.

Gretchen Ronnow received an M.A. degree in English from Utah State University and a Ph.D. degree in comparative American literatures from the University of Arizona. She is currently an associate professor of English at Wayne State College and is frequently a visiting professor of English and comparative indigenous literatures at Barnaul State Pedagogical University in Siberia.

Helen C. Rountree, a cultural anthropologist and Virginia native, has been studying eastern Virginia's Native Americans, historic and modern, since 1969. She is an honorary member of two present-day Virginia Indian tribes, and her more popularized writings include Young Pocahontas in the Indian World (1995), a book for children.

Robert H. Ruby was born in Mabton, Washington, where he received his public education. He graduated from Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, in 1945. After a tour of duty during World War II, he served two years in the Public Health Service on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. He currently teaches a course on Indians of the Pacific Northwest at Big Bend Community College, in Moses Lake, Washington, where he resides. He has coauthored numerous publications with John A. Brown.

A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, professor emerita of English at the University of Illinois at Chicago, has published American Indian Literatures (1990), Redefining American Literary History (coedited with Jerry W. Ward, Jr., 1990), and Literatures of the American Indian (1990). She directed NEH seminars for college teachers on American Indian literature in 1979, 1983, 1989, and 1994.

George Sabo iii is an associate archeologist at the Arkansas Archeological Survey and an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. His research is on the prehistoric and historic development of Native American cultures in the trans-Mississippi South.

Velma "Vee" Salabiye (Navajo) is head librarian at the American Indian Studies Center Library, UCLA. A published poet and bibliographer, she is a founding member of the American Indian Library Association and a member of the American Library Association (ALA) Council, in which capacity she will serve the interests of American Indians until her term ends in 1998.

Neal Salisbury was born in Los Angeles and received his undergraduate and graduate education at UCLA. A member of the History Department at Smith College since 1973, he is the author of Manitou and Providence: Indians, Europeans, and the Making of New England, 1500-1643 (1982) and coauthor of The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People (3d ed., 1995).

Joe S. Sando was born at Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico. After graduating from the Santa Fe Indian School and serving three years in the navy during World War II, he graduated from Eastern New Mexico University and Vanderbilt graduate school. He taught at two post high schools before retiring. He has written five books and has appeared in many television documentaries. Currently he is the director of the Institute of Pueblo Indian Research and Study in Albuquerque.

Richard A. Sattler received his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Oklahoma and is on the staff of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library. He has conducted extensive ethnographic and ethnohistorical research and published on the Seminole and Creek Indians.

Amanda Irene Seligman is a research assistant for The Encyclopedia of Chicago History and a Ph.D. candidate in United States urban history at Northwestern University.

Lynda Norene Shaffer, associate professor of history at Tufts University, received her Ph.D. in East Asian and American history from Columbia University. The author of Native Americans before 1492: The Moundbuilding Centers of the Eastern Woodlands, she would like to see Native American history become an integral part of world history.

James E. Sherow, Ph.D., is an associate professor of history at Kansas State University, where he teaches environmental history, ethnohistory, and the history of Kansas and the American West. He is the author of Watering the Valley (University Press of Kansas, 1990) and numerous journal articles. As a fellow at the Newberry Library he helped initiate a collaborative class exchange between Haskell Indian Nations University and Kansas State University—the first exchange of its kind.

Fred J. Shore was raised in Montreal, Quebec. He moved to Manitoba, where he worked as a housing officer for the Manitoba Métis Federation until 1981. He studied Métis history and received his Ph.D. in 1991. Currently he is an assistant professor and head of the Native Studies Department at the University of Manitoba.

William E. Simeone has lived in Alaska for twenty-five years. During that time he spent extended periods in two Alaska Native communities. In 1990 Simeone received a Ph.D. in anthropology from McMaster University. Since then he has taught classes in anthropology at the University of Alaska at Anchorage, conducted fieldwork in northern Alaska and Canada, and prepared a forthcoming book on the Northern Athabaskan potlatch.

Allogan Slagle, since 1989 the federal acknowledgement project director for the Association on American Indian Affairs, has published over fifty articles on law, policy, history, and ethnography. A member of the United Keetoowah Band (UKB), he has served on the UKB Tribal Council since 1992. He earned a J.D. from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, in 1979, and is a member of the California State Bar.

Allen Slickpoo served in elective offices of the Nez Perce tribal government for twenty-six years. He is recognized as an authority on Nez Perce tribal history and culture by his own people. Slickpoo is the author of Noon Ne Mee Poo, a history of the Nez Perces, and coauthor of Nu Mee Pum Tit Wah Tit, a book of Nez Perce legends. He is currently employed as an ethnographer for the tribe. His prime interests are native American history and the preservation of traditional culture.

David Lee Smith is a member of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. He holds an M.A. from UCLA and is director of Indian studies at the Nebraska Indian Community College. David is also the cultural preservation officer for the tribe. He is a lifelong resident of Winnebago, and is a direct descendant of Hopoe-Kaw.

Born and raised in Ontario, Donald B. Smith has taught Canadian history at the University of Calgary since 1974. For over a quarter of a century he has had a special interest in the perceptions of North American Indians held by both English-speaking and French-speaking Canadians in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The artist and writer Kathleen Rose Smith (Mihilakawna Pomo/Yoletamal Miwok) received her B.F.A. from the San Francisco Art Institute. Her work has been shown throughout California and Russia (1995). She has served on several boards and commissions, and taught Native American art at Sonoma State University (1993 and 1994).

Sherrie Smith-Ferri, her husband, David, and their daughter, Rachael, live in Dry Creek Valley, California, the ancestral home of her grandmother's people, the Dry Creek Pomos, and close to Bodega Bay, where her grandfather's Coast Miwok people lived. She believes it is the most beautiful country on earth.

Chuck Smythe conducted his doctoral fieldwork among aboriginals in the western desert of Australia, an experience that led him to an interest in applied anthropology. He has lived and worked in Alaska for the past fifteen years, where he has carried out research in ethnography and ethnohistory among Arctic and Northwest Coast peoples. Recently, he accepted a position as anthropologist in the Repatriation Office of the National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution.

C. Matthew Snipp is a professor of rural sociology and has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He has published numerous works on American Indian demography, economic development, poverty, and unemployment, including American Indians: The First of This Land and Public Policy Impacts on American Indian Economic Development. His tribal heritage is Oklahoma Cherokee and Choctaw.

Dean Snow is a professor and the head of anthropology at Penn State University. While previously at the State University of New York at Albany, he directed the Mohawk Valley Archaeological Project. He is the author of The Iroquois, which covers the Mohawks and the other nations of the League of the Iroquois.

Rubie Sootkis (Northern Cheyenne) is a writer and filmmaker focusing on Cheyenne history and culture. She cowrote the Emmynominated 1984 HBO documentary Paha Sapa: A Struggle for the Black Hills. She is a direct descendant of Chief Morningstar (Dull Knife) and American Horse.

Sheila Staats is a Mohawk from the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario. She attended Huron College at the University of Western Ontario and received a B.A. in 1978. She currently works at the Woodland Cultural Centre in Brantford, Ontario, as the center's historical researcher.

Blair Stonechild (Plains Cree) is of the Muscowpetung First Nation. He studied at McGill and Regina, and teaches Indian history. He has been the head of Indian Studies and dean of academics at the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College, and president of the Canadian Indian/Native Studies Association. He is married, with three children.

Rennard Strickland, a legal historian of Osage and Cherokee heritage, is currently dean and professor of law at Oklahoma City University School of Law. He has been honored by the Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission for his role as an expert witness in cases advancing the cause of tribal sovereignty and by the American Indian Heritage Association for his scholarly contribution to the understanding of the relationship between Indian law and history. He is the author of The Indians in Oklahoma (1981) and Fire and the Spirits: Cherokee Law from Clan to Court (1975).

John A. Strong, professor of history at the Southampton Campus of Long Island University, has written extensively on the Indians of Long Island. His most recent work, The Indians of Long Island: From Earliest Times to 1700, was published in 1995 by the Long Island Studies Institute at Hofstra University.

William C. Sturtevant is curator of North American Ethnology in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. He is also general editor of the encyclopedic Handbook of North American Indians. He is especially interested in the cultures of eastern North America and in the history of anthropology.

John Sugden, Ph.D., formerly director of studies at Hereward College, Coventry, England, is currently completing studies of Tecumseh and the Shawnees. His publications, which include Tecumseh's Last Stand (1985), have won acclaim in Britain and North America. In 1988-89 he was Ford Foundation Fellow at the Newberry Library, Chicago.

William R. Swagerty, an associate professor of history at the University of Idaho, is the former associate director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of American Indians. His specialties include the Indian trades and fur trades of North America.

Edwin R. Sweeney, a native of Boston, graduated from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst with a B.S. in accounting. He has published several articles and two books on the Apaches: Cochise: Chiricahua Apache Chief (University of Oklahoma Press, 1991) and Merejildo Grijalva: Apache Captive, Army Scout (Texas Western Press, 1992). He lives in St. Charles, Missouri, with his wife, Joanne, and his daughters, Tiffani, Caitlin, and Courtney.

Born near the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers, Margaret Connell Szasz studied at the University of Washington and the University of New Mexico, where she is a professor of history. Working with native and nonnative students in the U.S. and Britain encouraged her most recent publication, Between Indian and White Worlds: The Cultural Broker.

Helen Hornbeck Tanner holds a doctoral degree from the University of Michigan. She has taught and has served as an expert witness and consultant in litigation involving treaties with American Indians. Since 1976 she has also been associated with the Newberry Library.

Jason M. Tetzloff received his B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire and will complete his Ph.D. in American history from Purdue University in 1996. His special areas of research are nineteenth- and twentieth-century Native American history and the Age of Reform in America (1880-1940). His dissertation is a biography of Henry Roe Cloud. He is currently teaching at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington.

A curator at the American Museum of Natural History in New York for twenty-five years, David Hurst Thomas, Ph.D., is a specialist in Native American archaeology. He has written and/or edited more than one hundred books and is a found trustee of the National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Russell Thornton is a professor of anthropology at the University of California at Los Angeles and a registered member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. He is the author of We Shall Live Again (1986), American Indian Holocaust and Survival (1987), The Cherokees: A Population History (1990), and many other publications.

Grace Thorpe, or No Teno Quah (Wind Woman), of the Sauk and Fox tribe, is Jim Thorpe's daughter. She has served as health commissioner of the Sauk and Fox tribe, as tribal judge, and as the president of the National Environmental Coalition of Native Americans. She lives in Prague, Oklahoma, with her daughter Dagmar and granddaughter Tena Malotte.

George E. Tinker (Osage) teaches on the faculty of Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado. He is the author of Missionary Conquest: The Gospel and Native American Cultural Genocide (Fortress Press, 1993) and numerous articles on American Indian issues.

Elisabeth Tooker is professor emerita of anthropology at Temple University, and is the author of a number of publications on Northern Iroquois culture and history, including An Ethnography of the Huron Indians, 1615-1649 (1964), The Iroquois Ceremonial of Midwinter (1970), and Lewis H. Morgan on Iroquois Material Culture (1994).

Clifford E. Trafzer (Wyandot) is a professor of history and ethnic studies at the University of California at Riverside, where he is director of Native American Studies. He has been a member of various Native American studies programs for eighteen years, serving thirteen of those years as chair. Among his books are The Kit Carson Campaign, Chief Joseph's Allies, and Renegade Tribe. Trafzer is currently vice-chair of the California Native American Heritage Commission.

Michael Tsosie, an enrolled member of the Colorado River Indian Tribes, is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Anthropology Department at the University of California at Berkeley. After serving as director of planning and development for the Chemehuevi Indian tribe, he was selected in 1990 by the National Museum of Natural History as a Native American Community Scholar. In 1993, in recognition of his accomplishments as a tribal community leader, Mr. Tsosie was awarded a Kellogg Fellowship.

William E. Unrau received his Ph.D. from the University of Colorado and is Endowment Association Research Professor of History at Wichita State University. He is the author or coauthor of eight books on Indian-white relations, including his latest, Indians of Kansas: The Euro-American Invasion and Conquest of Indian Kansas (Kansas State Historical Society, 1991).

Robert M. Utley is a former chief historian of the National Park Service and the author of many books and articles on western history, including a two-volume history of the frontier army, biographies of General Custer and Sitting Bull, and The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890.

As a Smithsonian researcher since 1975, Thomas Vennum, Jr., has published widely on American Indian music and specifically on the music and culture of the Ojibwas. His study, The Ojibwa Dance Drum: Its History and Construction, won the Society for Ethnomusicology's Klaus Wachsmann prize in 1989.

Irene S. Vernon (Mescalero Apache/Yaqui), Ph.D., is a professor of ethnic studies and English at Colorado State University. Professor Vernon specializes in Native American studies and is trained in various fields: Native American history, law, and literature; American ethnicity; and American history.

Gerald Vizenor (Anishinaabe) is a professor of Native American Indian literatures at the University of California at Berkeley. He is the author of The People Named the Chippewa, narrative histories, Interior Landscapes, an autobiography, and five novels. Griever: An American Monkey King in China, his second novel, won the American Book Award.

Virgil J. Vogel (1918-1994) was born near Keota, Iowa, and moved to Chicago at age eight. He received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Chicago and was a professor of history at H. S. Truman College. A noted scholar in American Indian history, he was the author of many books and articles, including several on Indian place names in Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

Mary Jane Warde, who received her doctorate in 1991 from Oklahoma State University, is a historical consultant from Stillwater, Oklahoma. Her specialty is the Indian Territory, with emphasis on the Muskogee (Creek) Nation. She has published several articles, designed a course in Oklahoma history, and is active in historic preservation.

Robert Allen Warrior (Osage) teaches in the English Department at Stanford University. He is the author of Tribal Secrets: Recovering American Indian Intellectual Traditions (University of Minnesota Press, 1994) and, with Paul Chaat Smith, Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Red Power to Wounded Knee (New Press, 1996).

Jack Weatherford is a writer and professor of anthropology at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. His books include Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America, and Savages and Civilization: Who Will Survive?

Gloria Cranmer Webster is a member of the 'Namgis tribe of Alert Bay, British Columbia. Before becoming the founding director of the U'mista Cultural Centre, she was an assistant curator at the Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. Her interests include oral history and developing museum exhibits.

W. Richard West Jr. was appointed director of the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian on June 1, 1990. West is a Southern Cheyenne and a member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma. He is the son of the renowned Southern Cheyenne artist Walter Richard (Dick) West, Sr., and Maribelle McCrea West. He has devoted his professional and much of his personal life to working with American Indians on cultural, educational, legal, and governmental issues.

John K. White is a cultural anthropologist and traditional storyteller of Cherokee, Shawnee, and Scots ancestry. He attended Bacone Indian College and has graduate degrees from the University of Chicago and Stanford University. He and his wife, Ela, who is of French and Kaskaskia ancestry, teach traditional culture at their school, the Ancient Lifeways Institute, in Michael, Illinois.

Richard White teachers history at the University of Washington in Seattle. He is the author of Roots of Dependency, The Middle Ground, and It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own: A New History of the American West.

Gary White Deer (Choctaw) is a visual artist, Native American festival coordinator, and the former director of the Department of Cultural Resources for the Chickasaw Nation. He lives in Ada, Oklahoma.

Albert White Hat, Sr., an enrolled member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, lives in St. Francis, South Dakota. He began teaching the Lakota language in 1971 and has been a full-time instructor at Sinte Gleska University since 1982. Though Albert has a high-school diploma and an associate's degree in Lakota studies from Sinte Gleska University, most of his formal education comes from being Lakota and from listening to the words of elders and medicine men. He has published Lakota Ceremonial Songs (Sinte Gleska University Press, 1983) and is currently working on a Lakota language textbook with Jael Kampfe, who also contributed to Albert's article in this encyclopedia.

Thurman Wilkins, a Guggenheim fellow, the author of four biographies of American figures, and professor emeritus of English at Queens College of the City University of New York, was born in 1915 in Malden, Missouri, but grew up in southern California. He earned degrees at UCLA, the University of California at Berkeley, and Columbia University, where he taught American literature for thirteen years before moving on to Queens College.

Robert A. Williams, Jr. (Lumbee), is a professor of law and American Indian studies at the University of Arizona. He is the author of The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (Oxford University Press, 1990) and coauthor, with David Getches and Charles Wilkinson, of Federal Indian Law: Cases and Material (3d ed., West, 1993), the leading casebook in the field of Indian law and policy. Professor Williams has received numerous grants and awards, and serves as a judge for the court of appeals for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe and as judge pro tem for the Tohono O'odham Nation.

Susan M. Williams is a shareholder in Gover, Stetson & Williams, P.C., an Indian-owned law firm, and an enrolled member of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Nation. Susan is a graduate of Radcliffe College and Harvard Law School. She currently represents numerous Indian tribes on water and gaming matters. Susan serves on several national and regional boards of directors and national advisory committees on state-tribal relations, resource development, and environmental protection, including the World Wildlife Fund/Conservation Foundation, the American Bar Association Water Resources Committee, and the American Indian Resources Institute.

Ray A. Williamson earned his Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of Maryland. In 1977-78, he was named a Smithsonian Fellow to study the astronomical practices of pre-Columbian and historic Native Americans. He has published numerous articles on Native American astronomy and ritual, and has written or edited more than six books on anthropology, archaeology, and folklore.

MaryAnn Willie (Navajo) received her Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Arizona in 1991. She is currently assistant professor of linguistics and American Indian studies. Her main research interest is the structure of Navajo, on which she has published articles. She lives in Tucson, Arizona.

John A. K. Willis is a doctoral candidate in the department of anthropology at Northwestern University. His bachelor's and master's degrees are from Hunter College in New York City. Currently he is researching the prehistoric origin and historic ethnogenesis of the Illinois Indians using archaeology, ethnohistory, and a comparative analysis of the ceramics of Midwestern Algonquian Indian groups.

Terry P. Wilson, Potawatomi, is professor emeritus of Native American studies at the University of California at Berkeley. He has published numerous books and articles about American Indians, including The Underground Reservation: Osage Oil (University of Nebraska Press, 1985) and Teaching American Indian History (American Historical Association, 1993).

Keith A. Winsell is director of the library at Sinte Gleska University, on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation in South Dakota. He has a doctorate in American history and a library degree. He has taught in Indiana, Ohio, Kansas, Georgia, and Minnesota. Past administrative positions have included director of American Minority Studies at St. Olaf College and associate director of the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University.

Rosita Worl is a Tlingit from the Eagle Thunderbird clan of Klukwan, Alaska. She serves on the board of directors of Sealaska Corporation, which holds the regional lands of the Southeast Indians. She teaches anthropology at the University of Alaska Southeast and conducts research on Alaska Native societies.

Alvin J. Ziontz is a Seattle lawyer whose firm has specialized in the practice of Indian law. He is the author of numerous articles on Indian law topics. He has also been a visiting professor of law at the University of Iowa and at Durham University in England.

Contributors of Brief Entries

• Kathryn A. Abbott
• Rebecca Bales
• Teresa Bales
• Carol Behl
• Phil Bellfy
• Tim Bernardis
• Jon Brudvig
• Elizabeth A. Carney
• Cary Christie
• J. Daniel D'Oney
• Kathy M. Evans
• Andrew H. Fisher
• Kenny Franks
• Frederick E. Hoxie
• Elizabeth James-Stern
• Bonnie Lynn-Sherow
• Rosalyn LaPier
• Jaako Puisto
• Dan Eagle Boy Rowe
• Richard A. Sattler
• Amanda Irene Seligman
• James E. Sherow
• Keith A. Winsell
• Scott C. Zeman